Difference Between Allozymes and Isozymes

Thekey differencebetween allozymes and isozymes is thatallozymes are coded by differentallelesat the same locus. But, in contrast, isozymes are coded bygenesat different loci.

Enzymes are biocatalysts that speed up biochemical reactions. In fact, they are protein molecules coded by genes. There are different types of enzymes. Some enzymes are coded by different alleles of the same gene present at the same locus. They are known as allozymes. In contrast, some enzymes are coded by different genes located at different loci. These enzymes are known as isozymes. Isozymes and allozymes can be used to determine the relationship between two organisms.

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是同酶
3.What are Isozymes
4.Similarities Between Allozymes and Isozymes
5.Side by Side Comparison – Allozymes vs Isozymes in Tabular Form
6.概括

什么是同酶?

Allozymes are variants of an enzyme coded by different alleles present at the same locus. Therefore, multiple alleles at one locus code for allozymes. They show a small difference in theiramino acidsequences or structure. However, they carry out a very similar function. The small differences existing among allozymes is due to themutations, or random changes occurred in DNA sequences. These tiny differences can be detected by capillary electrophoresis based on the molecular sizes and electrical charges.

Allozymes can be used as a marker of species relatedness. Hence, they can explain the evolutionary history of an organism and act useful as markers for mapping family trees between different species within the same genus. Therefore, allozymes are frequently used to map closely related species in different groups, including plants and animals. If the organisms are closely related, there would be fewer changes between allozymes.

What are Isozymes?

同工酶是由位于不同基因座的不同基因编码的酶的变体。简而言之，同工酶是由不同基因编码的酶的多种形式。从结构上讲，同工酶与它们的氨基酸序列略有不同。因此，它们由不同的形状和大小组成。但是它们催化了相同的生化反应。

Difference Between Allozymes and Isozymes

Figure 01: Isozymes

但是，它们能够在各种条件下，在我们体内或不同阶段或各种细胞条件下工作。

What are the Similarities Between Allozymes and Isozymes?

异型酶和同功酶都是蛋白质as biological catalysts of biochemical reactions.
They have slightly different amino acid sequences.
Both types are useful in determining evolutionary relationships between closely related organisms.
凝胶电泳is one of the techniques that can be used to isolate allozymes and isozymes.

What is the Difference Between Allozymes and Isozymes?

A single gene produces multiple forms of an enzyme called allozymes. In contrast, different genes produce multiple forms of an enzyme called isozymes. Therefore, this is the key difference between allozymes and isozymes. Allozymes are coded by different alleles at the same locus while isozymes are coded by different genes at the different loci.

概括– Allozymes vs Isozymes

同工酶和同工酶是两种酶形式。同酶是由一个基因座中存在的不同等位基因编码的酶的多种形式。同工酶也是一种酶的多种形式，但由不同基因座中的不同基因编码。氨基酸序列彼此不同。同样，同工酶因氨基酸序列彼此不同。但是，所有同酶都执行相同的功能。同样，所有同工酶都催化相同的化学反应。因此，这是同酶和同工酶之间差异的摘要。

Reference:

1. “Allozyme: Definition & Electrophoresis.” Study.com, Study.com,Available here.
2. “Isozyme.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Dec. 2019,Available here.