这关键区别between aldehyde and formaldehyde is that the醛包含一个附着在 - cho组的R组,但是甲醛没有R组作为其他醛。
醛和甲醛之间的主要区别在于这些化合物的化学结构。这两者都是含有碳,氢和氧原子的有机化合物。此外,他们拥有羰功能组,这是一个 - cho组。顾名思义,甲醛也是醛的一种形式。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是醛
3。什么是甲醛
4。并排比较 - 表格形式的醛与甲醛
5。Summary
什么是醛?
醛有一个羰基。该羰基从一侧与另一个碳结合,另一端从另一端连接到氢原子。此外,在羰基中,碳原子基本上与氧有双键。因此,我们可以用–Cho基团表征醛,其中氧原子与碳原子具有双键。
根据IUPAC系统的醛命名法,我们使用“ Al”一词来表示醛。为了脂族醛, the “e” of the corresponding alkane is replaced with “al”. For example, we can name the compound CH3chO as ethanol, and CH3ch2chO as propanol. Aldehydes with ring systems, where the aldehyde group directly attaches to the ring, we can use the term “carbaldehyde” as a suffix to name them. However, C6H6CHO通常被称为苯甲醛,而不是使用苯甲甲醛。
此外,我们可以通过各种方法合成这些有机化合物。一种方法是通过初级氧化醇。另外,我们可以通过减少酯,硝酸盐和酰基氯化物来合成它们。
结构
羰基碳原子具有sp2杂交。因此,醛在羰基碳原子周围具有三角平的排列。羰基是极地群体。因此,与具有相同重量的碳氢化合物相比,这些分子具有较高的沸点。
然而,这些化合物不能更强的水ogen bonds like alcohols which results in lower boiling points than the corresponding alcohols. Because of the hydrogen bond formation ability, low molecular weight aldehydes are soluble in water. Anyway, when the molecular weight increases, they become hydrophobic.
羰基碳原子具有部分阳性电荷。因此,它可以充当电力。因此,这些分子很容易受到nucleophilic substitution reactions。羰基旁边碳连接的氢具有酸性性质,这是醛的各种反应。
什么是甲醛?
这simplest aldehyde is formaldehyde. However, the structure of this compound deviates from the general formula of an aldehyde by having a hydrogen atom instead of an R group. Therefore, formaldehyde has the general formula of H-CHO.
此外,甲醛在室温下是一种无色气体,也是易燃的。它的IUPAC名称是甲烷,带有后缀–Al,这表明它是一种醛。该化合物具有强烈的气味,对人体具有剧毒。但是,它自然形成体内作为新陈代谢途径的副产品。例如,甲醇在产生甲醛的肝脏中分解。无论如何,它不会在内部积聚,因为它迅速转化为甲酸。
同样,当氧气,甲烷和其他碳氢化合物在阳光下反应时,甲醛在大气中自然形成。甲醛在行业中有很多用途。生产消毒剂,肥料,汽车,纸,化妆品,木材保存等有用。
醛和甲醛有什么区别?
甲醛是醛的最简单形式。但是,醛和甲醛之间的主要区别在于,醛包含一个附着在 - cho基团的R组,但是甲醛没有像其他醛一样具有R组。因此,醛的一般化学式是R-CHO,但对于甲醛,它是H-CHO。
As another important difference between aldehyde and formaldehyde, we can take the phase of matter that they exist at standard temperature and pressure; aldehydes can occur in either gaseous or liquid phases while formaldehyde occurs in the gaseous phase. Furthermore, an easily observable difference between aldehyde and formaldehyde is their odour. That is; most of the aldehydes have a pleasant odour but, the formaldehyde has a pungent odour.
摘要 - 醛与甲醛
Aldehydes are organic compounds. Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde. Therefore, the key difference between aldehyde and formaldehyde is that the aldehyde contains an R group attached to a –CHO group but, the formaldehyde doesn’t have an R group as other aldehydes.
参考:
1。Brown, William H., and Jerry March. “Aldehyde.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 31 Dec. 2015.在这里可用
2.“甲醛。”国家生物技术信息中心。美国国家医学图书馆。在这里可用
图片提供:
1. Mache(Talk)的“ Funktionellegruppen Aldehyde” - 自己的工作,(公共领域)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2。”Formaldehyde 200″By Emeldir (talk) – Own work, (Public Domain) via下议院维基梅迪亚
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