RETT综合征和自闭症有什么区别|比较类似术语之间的差异

Thekey difference在RETT综合征和自闭症之间is that Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder almost exclusively diagnosed in girls, while autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in both boys and girls.

神经发育障碍是一种影响的疾病，会影响nervous system，导致脑功能异常。这也可能影响情绪，学习能力，自我控制和记忆。神经发育障碍的影响往往会持续一生。RETT综合征和自闭症是两种类型的神经发育障碍。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Rett Syndrome
3.What is Autism
4.Similarities – Rett Syndrome and Autism
5。Rett综合征与自闭症以表格形式
6。Summary – Rett Syndrome vs Autism

What is Rett Syndrome?

Rett syndrome is a rare genetic neurological, and developmental disorder that affects the way the brain develops, causing a progressive loss of motor skills and speech. This genetic disorder primarily affects girls. It occurs in 1 out of 10,000 female births. Rett syndrome is generally fatal in males just after birth, which is why it is primarily seen in females. This disorder is due to a genetic mutation in a gene called MECP2 on theX chromosome。在少数情况下，这个genetic disorderis inherited. The mutation results in problems with the protein production critical for brain development. However, the exact cause is not fully understood yet and is still being studied.

图01：RETT综合征

RETT综合征的体征和症状包括增长缓慢，正常运动和协调，沟通能力的丧失，异常手动运动，异常的眼睛运动，呼吸问题，呼吸问题和哭泣，其他异常行为，认知障碍，癫痫发作，癫痫发作，癫痫发作，癫痫发作异常脊柱，不规则的心跳，睡眠障碍和其他症状（薄，脆弱的骨骼，容易裂缝，小手脚和脚部通常冷，咀嚼和吞咽问题，肠功能问题，牙齿磨碎）。

This disorder can be diagnosed through medical and family history, blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests (CT scan, MRI), hearing tests, eye and vision tests, brain activity tests, and genetic testing. Furthermore, treatment options for Rett syndrome include regular medical care, medications (for seizures, muscle stiffness, breathing problems, gastrointestinal tract problems, and heart problems), physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech, and language therapy, nutritional therapy, behavioural interventions, and supportive services (academic, social and job training).

什么是自闭症？

自闭症是在男孩和女孩中诊断出的一种神经发育障碍。它被广泛归类为自闭症谱系障碍。它的特征是社交技能，重复行为，言语和非语言交流的挑战。根据疾病控制中心的信息，自闭症会影响美国44名儿童中的1个。

Figure 02: Autism

The symptoms of autism include avoiding eye contact, resisting cuddling and holding, failing to respond to name, inability to start a conversation, speaking with an abnormal tone, repeating words, not understanding simple questions, inappropriately approaching a social interaction, difficulty recognizing non-verbal cues, performs repetitive movements, performing activities that could harm oneself such as biting or head banging, developing a specific routine and becoming disturbed at slightest change, problems with movement patterns, abnormal body posturing and facial expressions, abnormal tone of voice, deficit in language comprehension, delay in learning to speak, and flat or monotonous speech.

可以通过病史诊断自闭症，评估精神障碍诊断和统计手册的标准（DAM-5），身体和心理检查，言语和语言测试，神经系统测试以及基因检测。此外，自闭症治疗方案包括行为和传播疗法，教育疗法，家庭疗法，言语疗法，职业疗法，物理疗法和药物（抗精神病药，抗抑郁药）。

What are the Similarities Between Rett Syndrome and Autism?

RETT综合征和自闭症是两种类型的神经发育障碍。
从历史上看，RETT综合征被认为是自闭症的亚型。
Both medical conditions may have a genetic predisposition.
They may have similar symptoms.
Both Rett syndrome and autism are often not noticeable at birth but rather as a baby develops.
They are treated through supportive therapies and specific medications.

RETT综合征和自闭症有什么区别？

RETT综合征是一种神经发育障碍，几乎仅在女孩中被诊断出来，而自闭症是一种神经发育障碍，在男孩和女孩中都被诊断出来。因此，这是RETT综合征和自闭症之间的关键区别。此外，MECP2基因的遗传基因突变导致RETT综合征。另一方面，ACTL6B基因的遗传基因突变导致自闭症。

The below infographic presents the differences between Rett syndrome and autism in tabular form for side by side comparison。

Summary – Rett Syndrome vs Autism

神经发育障碍是一个障碍的development of the nervous system, leading to problems in brain function. Rett syndrome and autism are two types of neurodevelopmental disorders. Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is almost exclusively diagnosed in girls, while autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is diagnosed in both boys and girls. So, this summarizes the difference between Rett syndrome and autism.

Reference:

1.“”Rett Syndrome。”Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 11 Oct. 2018.
2. Cherney，克里斯汀。“Everything You Want to Know about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)。”Healthline，Healthline Media，2021年11月1日。