HER2和BRCA有什么区别| Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms

Thekey difference between HER2 and BRCA是Her2是人类17号染色体中存在的基因somatic mutationsto cause nonhereditary乳腺癌, while BRCA represents the two genes BRAC1 and BRCA2 present in chromosome 17 and 13, respectively, that undergogermline mutationsto cause hereditary breast cancers.

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that arises from breast tissues. It is predominantly identified in women throughout the world. The signs include a change in breast shape, lumps in the breast, and red scaly patches in the skin. Substantial support for breast cancer awareness and research funding have created a better prognosis of breast cancer. There are different types of breast cancers due to somatic and genetic mutations of important genes. HER2 and BRCA are genes that mutate to create breast cancer.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.HER2是什么
3.What is BRCA
4.相似之处 - HER2和BRCA
5.HER2 vs BRCA in Tabular Form
6.Summary – HER2 vs BRCA

什么是Her2？

HER2 is a gene present in the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q12) in humans. This gene mutates somatically to cause nonhereditary breast cancer. HER2 stands for the人表皮生长因子基因。它是在乳腺细胞表面产生蛋白质的基因。该蛋白质会触发正常的细胞生长。基因是遗传的基本单位，它们从父母转到后代。在某些癌症（例如乳腺癌）中，HER2基因突变并制作额外的基因副本。这被称为过度放大。

Figure 01: HER2

When this happens, the HER2 gene makes too many HER proteins, which triggers breast cells to divide and grow too fast. Breast cancers with high levels of HER2 protein are named HER2 positive. Moreover, breast cancers with low levels of expression of HER2 protein are known as HER negative. About 20% of breast cancers are HER2 positive. The diagnosis of this condition can be made through biopsy,免疫组织化学, in-situ fluorescence hybridization, and the HER2 gene mutation test. Most women who have HER2 positive breast cancer will receive chemotherapy drugs and trastuzumab (anti-HER2 antibody) as treatment.

什么是BRCA？

BRCA1和BRCA2分别是染色体17和13中存在的两个不同的基因。BRCA代表乳腺癌genes。遗传性乳腺癌由于这两个基因的种系突变而发生。DNA链接研究最初于1990年鉴定出BRAC1基因。后来，1994年，鉴定出BRCA2基因。这两个基因都是控制正常细胞生长和细胞死亡的典型肿瘤抑制基因。BRCA1或BRCA2基因的更改副本增加了各种癌症的风险。BRCA1基因突变增加了乳腺癌，卵巢和前列腺癌的风险。另一方面，BRCA2基因突变增加了乳房，卵巢，胰腺，前列腺，胃癌和黑色素瘤的风险。

Figure 02: BRCA

只有一小部分人（约占人口的0.25％）携带BRCA1或BRCA2基因的突变副本。BRCA基因测试是一种血液测试，可检测BRCA正常基因的变化。FDA批准的Olaparib是一种用种系BRCA突变治疗转移性乳腺癌的药物。

What are the Similarities Between HER2 and BRCA?

HER2 and BRCA are two genes that mutate, causing breast cancers.
The normal copies of these genes control cell growth.
HER2和BRCA1基因均位于人类17号染色体中。
Mutated HER2 and BRCA genes can cause different types of cancers other than breast cancer in humans.

HER2和BRCA有什么区别?

HER2 is a gene present in chromosome 17 in humans and mutates somatically to cause nonhereditary breast cancer, while BRAC1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) are two genes present in chromosomes 17 and 13, respectively and undergo germline mutations, causing hereditary breast cancer. So, this is the key difference between HER2 and BRCA. Furthermore, about 20% of breast cancers are due to HER2 mutation, while about 5 to 10% of breast cancers are due to BRCA mutation.

The following infographic lists the differences between HER2 and BRCA in tabular form for side by side comparison.

Summary – HER2 vs BRCA

Breast cancer is a type of cancer in which certain cells of the breast multiply abnormally to form a tumor. Breast cancer has both inherited and non-inherited causes. HER2 and BRCA are different genes that mutate to cause breast cancer. HER2 undergoes somatic mutations to cause nonhereditary breast cancer, while BRCA undergoes germline mutations to cause hereditary breast cancers. Thus, this summarizes the difference between HER2 and BRCA.

Reference:

1.“”Her2 Status: Tests, Treatments, and More。” Breastcancer.org, 21 Sept. 2020.
2. “BRCA: The Breast Cancer Gene。” National Breast Cancer Foundation, 23 Oct. 2020.