UTR和基因内区之间的区别

Thekey difference在UTR和内含子之间UTR is a non-coding nucleotide sequence which is included in the maturemRNAsequence while intron is a sequence that is not included in the成熟的mRNAmolecule.

UTR或未翻译区是在mRNA分子中发现的非编码序列。在mRNA序列的每一侧，我们可以看到一个UTR。因此，有两个UTR为5'Utr和3’Utr。相反，内含子是一个非编码序列，在之间发现exons基因。制作mRNA时，内含子被剪接。因此，在mRNA序列中未见内含子。但是，UTR和内含子都是重要的要素真核基因组.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is UTR
3.What is an Intron
4.Similarities Between UTR and Intron
5.Side by Side Comparison – UTR vs Intron in Tabular Form
6.概括

什么是UTR？

UTR or untranslated region is a sequence that is present on each side of the mRNA sequence. Therefore, there are two UTRs. One is present on the 5’ side, and it is known as 5’UTR while the other is found on the 3’ side and it is known as 3’UTR. 5’UTR is also known as a leader sequence, while 3’UTR is known as a trailer sequence. Structurally, 5′ UTR is found upstream to the coding sequence while 3′ UTR is found immediately following the translation stop codon. Furthermore, the base composition of the 5’UTR differs from the base sequence of 3’ UTR. Generally, the G+C content of 5′ UTR sequence is greater than that of 3′ UTR sequence. When the mRNA sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence, these two UTRs remain untranslated.

未翻译区域在基因表达的转录后调节中起着至关重要的作用。他们参与控制mRNA的翻译，降解和定位（mRNA从细胞核中传输）。此外，UTR负责mRNA和翻译效率的稳定性。

What is an Intron?

Introns are the nucleotide sequences of a gene which do not code for proteins. Hence, they are termed as non-coding sequences. They are located between exons. Introns, together with exons, transcribe into pre mRNA molecule. However, since they are not involved with the genetic code of the protein, they are excluded from the RNA molecule through a process called RNA splicing. The remaining RNA sequence is known as mRNA or the mature mRNA molecule. Therefore, the mRNA molecule does not contain sequences of introns. RNA splicing occurs in two ways as cis-splicing and trans-splicing. Cis-splicing occurs when a single intron is present in a gene. Trans-splicing occurs when there are two or more introns within a gene.

These sequences can be seen in both DNA and RNA. Hence, the term intron could be used to refer to both non-coding sequences of DNA and RNA. It is important to notice that ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) also contain genes with introns. But similar to DNA transcription, when rRNA and tRNA genes transcribe, these non-coding sequences are excluded from the final RNA molecule. Therefore, these are called untranslated sequences of DNA.

The immediate function of introns is a little unclear, but it is believed that these are important to constitute for a diversified, yet related proteins from a single gene. Intron-mediated enhancing of gene expression has been accepted as another important function of them.

What are the Similarities Between UTR and Intron?

• UTR and intron are non-coding nucleotide sequences which do not translate.
• 两者都包括d in the gene structure.

UTR和内含子有什么区别？

UTR or untranslated region is a nucleotide sequence found on each side of the mature mRNA molecule. Meanwhile, the intron is a non-coding sequence found within the gene between exons. So, this is the key difference between UTR and intron. UTRs are not spliced off while introns are spliced off. Therefore, introns are not considered as untranslated regions. UTRs are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression while introns have no importance in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

Below infographic tabulates more differences between UTR and intron.

概括– UTR vs Intron

UTR和内含子是两种非编码序列。但是内含子不包括在成熟的mRNA序列中，因为内含子是通过RNA剪接机制剪接的。UTR包括在mRNA序列中。因此，这是UTR和内含子之间的关键区别。从功能上讲，UTR在基因表达的转录后调节中很重要，而内含子在该过程中并不重要。

Reference:

1. “Intron / Introns | Learn Science At Scitable”. Nature.Com, 2020,Available here.
2.“未翻译区域”。en.wikipedia.org，2020年，Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. “MRNA structure” By Daylite – Own work (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “DNA exons introns” By国家人类基因组研究所– (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia