易位和交叉之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

关键区别 - 易位与交叉

DNA recombination是一种描述遗传材料之间的现象染色体或同一染色体的不同区域。它导致一种新的基因组合，该组合与父母基因组合不同。DNA重组很重要，因为它会影响genetic diversity生物体以及进化，疾病，DNA修复等减数分裂of the cells, DNA recombination can occur naturally by the process called crossing over between同源染色体。Crossing over is an exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. Translocation is another process which causes genetic recombination. Translocation is the exchange of fragments of chromosomes (genetic materials) between non-homologous chromosomes. It is a genetic abnormality which causes different disease conditions. The关键区别在易位和交叉之间是越过交叉时，易位发生在非同源染色体之间，通常发生在同源regions of matching chromosomes。

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是易位
3。什么在越过
4。易位与越过的相似之处
5。Side by Side Comparison – Translocation vs Crossing Over in Tabular Form
6.Summary

什么是易位？

当遗传物质的交换发生在非同源染色体之间时，它被称为易位。在易位期间，染色体的片段包含不同染色体之间的遗传材料交换。由于一个染色体的染色体片段向另一个非同源染色体的染色体片段运动，这导致了高度不同的基因组合，该染色体位于新位置。易位是染色体的异常。因此，这是一种突变which causes disease conditions such as cancers,down syndrome，，，，不育，，，，XX male syndrome, etc. due to the rearrangement of genes with wrong chromosomes. Hence, translocation is considered as a dangerous process which can lead to various fatal diseases in organisms.

图01：易位

这细胞遗传学and核型可以识别由于易位引起的染色体异常。

什么在越过?

交叉是在同源染色体之间交换遗传物质的过程。它会导致重组染色体，从而导致遗传变异。在有性繁殖中，配子的形成是通过减数分裂发生的。同源染色体在彼此之间彼此配对预言iof the meiosis and exchange their genetic materials. Due to this exchange of different segments of the chromosomes between homologous chromosomes, recombinant chromosomes are produced by the crossing over process. Crossing over is an important process, and it is a normal process during the segregation of chromosomes in meiosis. When crossing over occurs during meiosis, offsprings get a different set of gene combinations than their parents have. If crossing over occurs duringmitosis，它导致杂合性。

Key Difference Between Translocation and Crossing Over

图01：越过

同源染色体具有相似的长度，基因位置和Centromere位置。因此，由于这是正常的遗传重组过程，因此在同源染色体之间穿越并不产生突变。在裂痕中断期间，断裂的染色体片段以相反的同源染色体切换。孕产妇染色体的破裂段因父亲侧的同源染色体而切换。

易位与交叉之间有什么相似之处？

Translocation and crossing over are two processes of genetic recombination.
两者都出现在染色体（遗传物质）中。
在这两个过程中，染色体段交换。
Both results in recombinant chromosomes.

易位和交叉之间有什么区别？

Translocation vs Crossing Over
易位是在非同源染色体之间交换遗传材料的过程。	越过是在有性繁殖过程中交换同源染色体之间染色体的匹配段的过程。
过程
易位不是正常过程。	Crossing over is a normal process during the meiosis.
Mutation
Translocation is a mutation.	Crossing over is not a mutation
发生染色体
易位发生在非同理学之间	Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes.
Change of the Genetic Information
易位会导致遗传信息的变化。	Crossing over does not change the genetic information.
引起疾病
Translocation can cause cancers, infertility, down syndrome, XX male syndrome etc.	Crossing over between homologous chromosomes do not cause fatal diseases.
染色体异常
易位是染色体异常。	Crossing over is not a chromosomal abnormality.

概括 -Translocation vs Crossing Over

Genetic recombination results in genetic variation among the individuals. It occurs due to various reasons. Crossing over and translocation is two processes which cause genetic variations. Crossing over is the process of exchanging genetic materials of the chromosomes between homologous chromosomes. It is a normal process of meiosis, and it causes new gene combinations. But it does not cause mutations due to the homologous nature of the chromosomes. Translocation is the process of exchanging genetic materials between non-homologous chromosomes. Translocation results in highly variable gene combinations which can be dangerous and cause different disease conditions such as cancers etc. This is the difference between crossing over and translocation.