过渡金属与金属
周期表中的元素可以主要分为两个。作为金属和非金属。其中大多数是金属,P块中的非金属元素数量较少。
金属
金属在很长一段时间内广为人知。在公元前6000年,有证据证明金属使用情况有证据表明。黄金和铜是第一个被发现的金属。这些被用来制造工具,珠宝,雕像等。从那时起,只有很少的其他金属(17)被发现。现在,我们熟悉86种不同类型的金属。金属由于其独特特性而非常重要。通常,金属是坚硬的(诸如钠。钠可以用刀切割的例外)。汞是金属,它处于液态状态。除汞外,所有其他金属都处于固态,与其他非金属元素相比,很难打破它们或改变其形状。金属的外观闪亮。 Most of them have a silvery shine (except gold and copper). Since some metals are very reactive with the atmospheric gases like oxygen, they tend to get dull colors over time. This is mainly due to the formation of metal oxide layers. On the other hand, metals like gold and platinum are very stable and nonreactive. Metals are Malleable and ductile, which allows them to be used for making certain tools. Metals are atoms, which can form cations by removing electrons. So they are electro-positive. The type of bond formed between metal atoms is called metallic bonding. Metals release electrons in their outer shells and these electrons are dispersed between metal cations. Therefore, they are known as a sea of delocalized electrons. The electrostatic interactions between the electrons and cations are called metallic bonding. The electrons can move; therefore, metals have the ability to conduct electricity. Also, they are good thermal conductors. Because of the metallic bonding, metals have an ordered structure. High melting points and boiling points of metals are also due to this strong metallic bonding. Moreover, metals have a higher density than water. Elements in group IA and IIA are light metals. They have some variations from the above described general features of metal.
过渡金属
根据IUPAC的定义,过渡金属是其原子具有不完整的D子壳的元素,或者可以通过不完整的D子壳引起阳离子”。通常,我们将D块元素在元素周期表中作为过渡金属。所有这些都有金属的特性,但它们与S块和P块中的金属略有不同。这些差异的原因主要是由于d电子。过渡金属可以在化合物中具有各种氧化态。通常,与其他金属(例如S块中的金属)相比,它们的反应性较低。过渡金属具有由于D-D电子过渡而形成彩色化合物的能力。此外,它们可以形成顺磁化合物。除这些特性外,由于金属粘结,它们具有一般金属性能。它们是良好的电力和热导体,具有高熔点,沸点和密度等。
过渡金属和金属有什么区别? •过渡金属属于金属群。 •D块元素通常称为过渡金属。 •与其他金属相比,过渡金属的反应性较低。 •过渡金属可以形成彩色化合物。 •过渡金属可以在化合物内具有各种氧化态,但是其他金属的氧化状态数量有限(大部分时间为一)。 |
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