DNA中转录和翻译之间的差异| Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms

这关键区别between transcription and translation in DNA is that转录是mRNA包含的序列genetic codeencoded in the coding sequence of the gene while translation is the production of a functional protein using the genetic code encoded in the mRNA sequence.

基因表达is the process of producing a functional protein using the genetic information hidden in the gene. It occurs via two major events: transcription and translation. Hence, transcription and translation are the steps through which a functional protein is synthesized from the genetic material. Both transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes as well as in eukaryotes. The article intends to discuss the difference between transcription and translation in DNA.

1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Transcription in DNA
3。What is Translation in DNA
4。Similarities Between Transcription and Translation in DNA
5.并排比较 - 表格形式的DNA的转录与翻译
6.Summary

什么是转录？

转录is the first stage of gene expression in which an mRNA sequence results from a DNA template. Here, the mRNA sequence serves as the template for translation, which is the second stage of gene expression which results in a functional protein. In transcription, complementary bases get attached to the DNA sequence and these, in turn, are bonded with phosphoric acid bonds forming the RNA. Unlike the parental DNA sequence, the resultant RNA chain consists of nucleotides composed of ribosugars as their pentose sugar moiety.

此外，酶RNA聚合酶催化并监测转录过程中互补碱基配对的整个过程。此外，转录过程发生在5'至3’的方向上。结果序列是父母编码DNA序列的复制品。而且，这种编码链与另一链相辅相成，该链称为模板或反义链。

Figure 01: Transcription

Each unit of transcription encodes for a single gene in eukaryotes. The resultant RNA strand in transcription is the primary transcript, which is premature RNA. We call the first base pair the start unit. And, this process continues until it reaches the terminator sequence of the gene. The resulting mRNA sequence then leaves the nucleus and travels to thecytoplasm对于下一阶段。

What is Translation?

Translation is the second or the final stage of gene expression which follows the transcription event. The primary transcript is translated into a sequence of corresponding amino acids, forming a peptide chain. These undergo further processing and folding to form the final fully functional proteins. Hence, translation is the process of making peptide chains from the primary transcript.

图02：翻译

翻译过程涉及三种类型的RNA。他们是mRNA，tRNA，，，，andrRNA。它们执行不同的功能，但是所有这些功能对于翻译过程的最终产品至关重要。根据mRNA序列的正确遗传密码顺序，TRNA将一组氨基酸携带到翻译位置。rRNA在核糖体两个亚基内组装并将氨基酸加工到肽链中。同样，随着所有三个RNA的企业功能，翻译在过程结束时产生了功能蛋白。

DNA中的转录和翻译之间有什么相似之处？

转录and translation are two steps of the gene expression process.
Both processes involve mRNA.
同样，这两个过程对于在生物体中产生蛋白质同样至关重要。
此外，两者都需要一个模板才能生产产品。
此外，两个过程都需要每个大分子的构建块。

DNA中转录和翻译之间有什么区别？

转录是基因表达的第一步，它将DNA模板中编码的遗传信息复制到mRNA序列中，而翻译是基因表达的第二步，该基因表达的第二步，从mRNA序列中编码的遗传信息中产生功能蛋白。因此，这是DNA中转录和翻译之间的关键区别。在真核生物中，转录发生在细胞核内，而翻译发生在核糖体的细胞质中。然而，在原核生物中，转录和翻译都发生在细胞质中。因此，这也是DNA中转录和翻译之间的显着差异。

此外，DNA中转录和翻译之间的进一步差异是每个过程使用的模板。转录使用DNA模板，而翻译使用mRNA模板。此外，转录的主要原材料是核糖核苷酸，而翻译的主要原材料是氨基酸。因此，我们也将其视为DNA中转录和翻译之间的差异。

以下信息图提供了有关DNA中转录和翻译之间差异的更多详细信息。

Summary – Transcription vs Translation in DNA

事件转录和翻译是功能蛋白产生的两个连续过程。这两个事件均由不同的因素和酶控制，但它们朝着相同的目标努力。尽管两个过程之间的调节机制和其他因素都不同，但两者都是药物设计的靶标，因为它们受到严格的机制的控制。在真核生物中，转录发生在细胞核内，而翻译发生在核糖体的细胞质中。在原核生物中，转录和翻译都发生在细胞质中。转录使用DNA模板，而翻译使用mRNA模板。此外，转录产生mRNA序列，而翻译产生功能蛋白。因此，这总结了DNA中转录和翻译之间的差异。