半导体和金属之间的差异

半导体与金属

金属

金属在很长一段时间内广为人知。在公元前6000年，有证据证明金属使用情况有证据表明。黄金和铜是第一个被发现的金属。这些被用来制造工具，珠宝，雕像等。从那时起，只有很少的其他金属（17）被发现。现在，我们熟悉86种不同类型的金属。金属由于其独特特性而非常重要。通常，金属是坚硬的（诸如钠。钠可以用刀切割的例外）。汞是一种金属，处于液态状态。除汞外，所有其他金属都处于固态，与其他非金属元素相比，很难打破它们或改变其形状。金属的外观闪亮。 Most of them have a silvery shine (except gold and copper). Since some metals are very reactive with the atmospheric gases like oxygen, they tend to get dull colors over time. This is mainly due to the formation of metal oxide layers. On the other hand, metals like gold and platinum are very stable and un-reactive. Metals are Malleable and ductile, which allows them to be used for making certain tools. Metals are atoms, which can form cations by removing electrons. So they are electro-positive. The type of bond forms between metal atoms is called metallic bonding. Metals release electrons in their outer shells and these electrons are dispersed between metal cations. Therefore, they are known as a sea of delocalized electrons. The electrostatic interactions between the electrons and cations are called metallic bonding. The electrons can move; therefore, metals have the ability to conduct electricity. Also, they are good thermal conductors. Because of the metallic bonding metals have an ordered structure. High melting points and boiling points of metals are also due to these strong metallic bonding. Moreover, metals have a higher density than water. Elements in group IA, IIA are light metals. They have some variations from the above described general features of metal.

半导体

导体是具有高电导率的材料。绝缘子是不导电的材料。半导体是导体和绝缘子之间的材料。因此，它的电导率在导体和绝缘体之间。半导体可以是元素或化合物。硅是最常用的元素作为半导体材料。锗也是另一个例子。通过添加各种杂质来改变该纯元素的电导率。这些被称为掺杂剂，而这些被称为掺杂。硅的主要使用的掺杂剂是硼或磷。 Doped semiconductors are also known as extrinsic. Other than elements, organic compounds can also be act as semiconductors. The mechanism of electricity conducting in semiconductors is different. Some of the semiconductors carry electricity via electrons (N type) while some carry electricity via positively charged holes (p type). Semiconductors are widely used in electric equipment like computers, radios, telephones, etc. they are also included in solar cells, transistors, diodes, etc.

半导体和金属有什么区别？ •金属是导体，因此它们具有大量的电力。半导体的电导率比金属少。 • In metals electrons carry out the current. But in semiconductors, current is carried out by the flow of electrons of positively charged holes.