可选标记和报告基因之间的差异

Key Difference – Selectable Marker vs Reporter Gene

基因工程技术用于转移重要genesfrom organism to another organism. Insertion of a foreign gene into another organism’s genome and making it expressed within the host cell are most difficult steps in gene transferring. To detect the success of the transformation process, a selectable marker and a reporter gene are used in the recombinant molecule. A selectable marker is a DNA sequence or a gene which expresses and selects the transformed cells from the non-transformed cells. A reporter gene is another gene which is used to distinguish transformed cells and to quantify or detect how the inserted gene functions within the host. The key difference between selectable marker and reporter gene is that the可选标记用于筛选非转化的单元格并发出转化的单元，而报告基因用于量化gene expressionwithin the host.

内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Selectable Marker
3.What is Reporter Gene
4.Side by Side Comparison – Selectable Marker vs Reporter Gene
5。概括

什么是可选标记？

Ingenetic engineering, the gene of interest is inserted into a suitablevector并变成宿主生物。但是，这种转换仅在主管宿主细胞中成功，并且有可能拒绝外国的摄取脱氧核糖核酸. Therefore, differentiation of the transformed and non-transformed cells is important to continue with further experimentation. Hence, researchers incorporate a selectable marker gene to vector for easy selection of the transformed cells from non-transformed cells. A selectable marker is a脱氧核糖核酸sequence, especially a gene useful in identification of the transformed cells. This marker gene exhibits a trait which suits an artificial selection of transformed cells from non-transformed cells on a media.

分子生物学中使用的最常见的选择标记是抗生素耐药基因。将抗生素抗性基因插入载体中，并转化为宿主细胞，尤其是宿主细菌。该特定的抗生素被掺入细菌的生长培养基中。由于选择性标记物的存在，在选择性条件下，只有包含适当可选标记的细胞才能生存。未转化的细胞无法在含抗生素的培养基中生长。因此，由于具有抗生素耐药性的可选标记，很容易鉴定出转化的细胞。

Genes that confer traits for antimetabolites,herbicidesare used as selective markers in克隆向量in plant genetic engineering. However, this cotransformation of selective markers into genetically modified organisms has negative effects on the environment and human. The release of antibiotic resistant bacteria can increase the antibiotic resistivity of human pathogens. It can contaminate the product or biomass byantibiotics并可能由于抗生素降解和灭活而失去选择性压力。

什么是记者基因？

Reporter genes are genes that enable the detection or measurement of the inserted gene expression. These reporter genes can be attached to regulatory sequences of the gene of interest to signal the expression location or levels. Therefore, during the expression of genes under the same promoter, they are transcribed into a singlemRNA序列然后翻译成一种蛋白质，该蛋白质可以指示基因表达水平。

Reporter genes are of various types, and they contain visually identifiable characteristics which are usually involved in fluorescent and luminescent proteins. Genes that code fluorescent protein and enzymes, convert invisible substrates to luminescent or coloured products by signaling the successful gene expression and giving the opportunity for quantification of the gene expression.

What is the difference between Selectable Marker and Reporter Gene?

可选标记与记者基因
可选标记是一种DNA序列，有助于用未转换的细胞区分转化的细胞。	报告基因是一个基因，有助于量化插入宿主细胞中所需基因的表达。
Nature of the Units Produced
基因编码具有有助于在不断增长的媒体上进行人工选择的特征。	Genes are encoded with visually identifiable characteristics.
Usage
一个tibiotic resistance genes, antimetabolite genes, herbicide resistance genes, etc. are examples for selectable marker.	Genes code for green fluorescent protein, β-glucuronidase, Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, Red fluorescent protein, etc. are examples.

摘要 - 可选标记与记者基因

可选的标记允许转化的细胞在用特定抗生素或除草剂的选择性培养基中生长。它们用于早期选择转化的细胞。报告基因用于量化所需基因的表达水平。它们还允许分化转化的和未转化的细胞。这是可选标记和报告基因基因之间的差异。可选标记和报告基因均被认为是基因工程中的重要标记。

参考：
1. Ziemienowicz, Alicja. “Plant selectable markers and reporter genes.”SpringerLink. Springer-Verlag, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2017.
2. Shih, Chen-Han, Hsiao-Yin Chen, Hung-Chieh Lee, and Huai-Jen Tsai. “Purple Chromoprotein Gene Serves as a New Selection Marker for Transgenesis of the Microalga Nannochloropsis oculata.” PLOS ONE. Public Library of Science, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2017

Image Courtesy:
1. Michael Jeltsch的“与插入的质粒” - 自己的作品(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Reporter gene” By TransControl at en.wikipedia（CC BY-SA 3.0）viaCommons Wikimedia