Difference Between Thyroid and Parathyroid

Thekey differencebetween thyroid and parathyroid is that甲状腺是内分泌腺产生hormonesthat regulate the代谢of the body while parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland that produces hormones that control the calcium ion levels in the blood.

The human endocrine system secretes hormones directly to the circulation. These hormones will act on the specific receptors on specific cells to bring about necessary changes required for development in physical and psychological aspects, reproductive life, day to day well being, etc. The central control of the endocrine system is through neural, hormonal and humoral stimuli acting on the hypothalamus, which in turn activates the pituitary gland, which secretes the controller hormones required for other endocrine glands. The thyroid and parathyroid glands are important components of the whole endocrine system of the human body.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Thyroid
3.What is Parathyroid
4.Similarities Between Thyroid and Parathyroid
5.Side by Side Comparison – Thyroid vs Parathyroid in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是甲状腺？

The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland situated at the front of the neck, just below the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple). It is a single gland with two lobes and a central, connecting isthmus arranged like a butterfly. Moreover, it has two blood supplying vessels. They are the superior and inferior thyroid vessels. The hormonal control of this gland is through a cascade where the hypothalamus secretes thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), which in turn causes the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which acts on the thyroid gland to bind iodine to form thyroid hormones T3 and T4. These hormones are important for cellular growth, brain growth and intelligence and the overall well being of the person. A deficit causeshypothyroidism，过剩会导致甲状腺功能亢进。

Thyroid gland is also a target for tumours. They range from benign to highly malignant, affecting many decades of life.

什么是甲状旁腺？

甲状旁腺通常是4个独立的腺体，位于甲状腺的后表面，每个叶子在甲状腺的后表面上，两个叶子在任何一个叶上。但是，这些腺体可能有不同的数量。甲状腺下动脉主要向这些腺体提供血液。从该腺体中释放激素不受下丘脑 - 垂体轴的调节，而是受腺体中的钙感应受体的调节。甲状旁腺激素（PTH）通过作用在肠道，肾脏，骨和维生素D中调节血清钙水平。然而，降钙素激素使PTH的作用拮抗。

Excess of PTH causes hyperparathyroidism, and a deficit causes hypoparathyroidism. There may be a very rare occurrence of malignancies at this gland too.

甲状腺和甲状旁腺之间有什么相似之处？

• Thyroid and parathyroid are two endocrine glands.
• They release hormones.
• Moreover, the location of both are the front of the neck, just below the laryngeal prominence.
• 同时,为了mainta腺体都重要in the homeostasis of the body.

What is the Difference Between Thyroid and Parathyroid?

甲状腺是一种内分泌腺，是蝴蝶形的，而甲状旁腺是一种小的内分泌腺，是米粒的大小。重要的是，甲状腺通过调节代谢速率来调节生长和发育，而甲状旁腺分泌调节体内钙水平的激素来调节生长和发育。因此，这是甲状腺和甲状旁腺之间的关键区别。此外，甲状腺是单个腺体，而甲状旁腺是四个或更多独立的腺体。因此，这是甲状腺和甲状旁腺之间的结构差异。

此外，甲状腺有两个或多个主要的血液供应，而甲状旁腺具有单一的主要血液供应。同样，甲状腺和甲状旁腺之间的显着差异是甲状腺受下丘脑垂体控制，而甲状旁腺受腺体上的Ca2+传感器控制。此外，甲状腺激素几乎会影响体内所有细胞，而甲状旁腺激素仅限于离散的少数组织。此外，甲状腺和甲状旁腺之间的进一步差异是，恶性肿瘤在甲状腺中非常普遍，而在甲状旁腺中非常罕见。

概括– Thyroid vs Parathyroid

In summary, thyroid and parathyroid are two endocrine glands having important functions in the human body. Both are present in the anterior neck and are closely associated with each other. These glands are very important due to the actions of the hormones they secrete. There is only one thyroid gland while there are four parathyroid glands. Moreover, thyroid gland is a large gland and has the shape of a butterfly while parathyroid gland is a small gland which is the size of a rice grain. Hormones of the thyroid gland regulate the metabolism while parathyroid hormones regulate the calcium level in the body. Thus, this is the summary of the difference between thyroid and parathyroid glands.

Reference:

1. “Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands – Anatomy Pictures and Information.” Innerbody,Available here.
2. “Thyroid.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Apr. 2019,Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. OpenStax学院的“ 1811 The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The Opentax College - 解剖与生理学，Connexions Web site，2013年6月19日(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. OpenStax College - 解剖与生理学，“ 1814年的甲状旁腺”，Connexions Web site，2013年6月19日(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia