Difference Between Regulatory and Repressor Protein

Thekey differencebetween regulatory and repressor protein is thatregulatory protein can promote or inhibit thetranscriptionof genes. Meanwhile, the repressor protein inhibits theexpressionof one or more genes.

Before going further into the discussion of the difference between regulatory and repressor protein, let’s briefly discuss gene regulation. Gene is a specific nucleotide sequence in which the genetic information is hidden in order to synthesize a protein. Gene expression can be regulated in different ways. Through different mechanisms, cells control the expression of genes and their levels of expression. Generally,gene regulationoccurs at the transcription level. Regulatory protein and repressor protein are two types of proteins involved in gene regulation at the transcription level. These regulatory proteins and repressor proteins bind to a specific sequence near the gene and influence the transcription of the gene.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是调节蛋白
3.什么是抑制剂蛋白
4.Similarities Between Regulatory and Repressor Protein
5.并排比较 - 表格形式的调节性与阻遏蛋白
6.概括

什么是调节蛋白?

Regulatory protein is a protein that regulates the transcription of genes. These proteins can induce or inhibit the transcription of genes. Bacterial genes exist as operons or clusters of genes operating under onepromoter. Each operon has regulatory DNA sequences that provide sites for the binding of regulatory proteins. Once these regulatory proteins bind with the gene, they can inhibit or promote the transcription. Therefore, these regulatory proteins are capable of turning on or off the genes. Often, regulatory proteins act by helping or blocking the enzyme RNA polymerase which catalyzes the transcription.

Regulatory genes code for regulatory proteins. Generally, regulatory proteins bind with small molecules which can make them active or inactive by changing their ability to bind with DNA. In simple words, regulatory proteins get turned on or turned off themselves by binding with these small molecules. The binding of small molecules changes their shapes, enabling the binding with DNA.

原核生物和真核生物之间的调节蛋白和基因调节不同。在原核生物中，大多数调节蛋白是一个基因的特异性。

什么是抑制剂蛋白?

抑制剂蛋白是一种与DNA或RNA结合并抑制一个或多个基因的表达的蛋白质。这些阻遏蛋白通常与启动子区域或相关的消音器结合。DNA结合抑制剂蛋白可以防止RNA聚合酶与基因启动子的结合，并阻止基因序列转录到mRNA中。另一方面，RNA结合抑制剂蛋白会阻止mRNA转化为蛋白质。

Methionine repressor MetJ is an example of repressor protein. Moreover, the lactose repressor protein (LacI) is another example of repressor protein which controls expression of lactose metabolic genes.

调节蛋白和阻遏蛋白之间有什么相似之处？

• Both regulatory and repressor proteins bind with the specific regions of genes.
• They regulate gene expression.
• Some regulatory proteins are repressor proteins.

调节蛋白和阻遏蛋白有什么区别？

调节蛋白是一种诱导或抑制基因表达的蛋白。抑制剂蛋白是一种抑制基因转录的蛋白质。因此，这是调节蛋白和阻遏蛋白之间的关键区别。此外，抑制剂蛋白是一种涉及基因负调节的调节蛋白。

摘要 - 监管与阻遏蛋白

Regulatory proteins are proteins that bind with regulatory sequences of genes and regulate the gene expression. Some regulatory proteins are activators, which increase the transcription of genes by helping RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter. But, some regulatory proteins are repressors, which reduce transcription by blocking RNA polymerase from moving forward on the DNA. Meanwhile, repressor proteins are proteins that bind with DNA or RNA and suppress the gene expression. So, this summarizes the difference between regulatory and repressor protein.

Reference:

1. “Overview: Gene Regulation in Bacteria.” Khan Academy, Khan Academy,Available here.
2.“基因表达和调节”。自然新闻，自然出版集团，Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. “Gene Regulatory Network” Dominio público) viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Lac Operon” By T A RAJU – Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia