质子化和电离之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween protonation and ionization is that质子化是将质子添加到化学物种中，而电离是从化学物种中去除或获得电子.

质子化和电离是两个化学概念，对于描述化学物种的离子行为很重要。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是质子化
3.What is Ionization
4.Side by Side Comparison – Protonation vs Ionization in Tabular Form
5.概括

什么是质子化?

Protonation is the addition of a proton to a chemical species such as an atom, molecule, or ion. This forms the conjugate acid of the corresponding chemical species. Protonation can be described as a fundamental chemical reaction, and it is an important step in many stoichiometric and catalytic processes.

There are two types of protonation processes known as monobasic protonation and polybasic protonation.Monobasic protonationis the single protonation that takes place in some ions and molecules. But in some ions and molecules, there can be more than one protonation, and we can name them as polybasic chemical species. This polybasic nature it true for many biological macromolecules.

What is Ionization?

Ionization is a chemical process in which atoms or molecules get a positive or negative charge. This process occurs due to either removing or obtaining electrons from atoms or molecules, respectively. In the ionization process, we can name the resulting ions as anions and cations, depending on the charge they have, i.e. cations are positively charged ions and anions are negatively charged ions. Basically, the loss of electrons from a neutral atom or a molecule forms a cation, and the gain of electrons from a neutral atom gives it a negative charge, forming an anion.

当通过添加能量从中性气态原子中去除电子时，它会形成单价阳离子。这是因为中性原子具有相等数量的电子和质子，因此无净电荷。当我们从该原子中去除电子时，有一个多余的质子缺少电子来中和电荷。因此，该原子获得+1电荷（这是质子的电荷）。这需要的能量量是first ionization energyof that atom.

Besides, the ionization that takes place in a liquid solution is the formation of ions in the solution. For example, when HCl molecules dissolve in water,氢离子(H3O+) are formed. Here, HCl reacts with water molecules and forms positively charged hydronium ions and negatively charged chloride (Cl^–) ions.

Furthermore, ionization may occur through collisions. But this type of ionization occurs mainly in gases when an electric current pass through the gas. If the electrons in the current have a sufficient amount of energy required to remove electrons from gas molecules, they will force out electrons from gas molecules, producing ion pairs that consist of the individual positive ion and the negative electron. Here, negative ions also form because some electrons tend to attach to gas molecules rather than pulling electrons out.

Moreover, ionization occurs when radiation energy or sufficiently energetic charged particles pass through solids, liquids or gases; for example, alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma radiation can ionize substances; therefore, we name them ionizing radiation.

质子化和电离之间有什么区别？

质子化和电离是化学中重要的化学概念。质子化和电离之间的关键区别在于质子化是将质子添加到化学物种中，而电离是从化学物种中去除或获得电子。

The below infographic summarizes the differences between protonation and ionization in tabular form.

概括– Protonation vs Ionization

Protonation and ionization are opposite to each other because protonation refers to addition while ionization refers mostly to bond breaking. The key difference between protonation and ionization is that protonation is the addition of a proton to a chemical species, whereas ionization is the removal or obtaining of electrons from chemical species.

Reference:

1. “Ionization.”百科全书大不列颠，百科全书大不列颠公司，Inc。，Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1.原始上传者的“质子化D'Un Cool Tertiaire”是法国Wikipedia的Rhadamante。- 使用Commonshelper从血腥的libu转移到Commons。(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. Cseizert的“电离反应” - 自己的工作(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia