之间的区别渗透and Diffusion in Biology

关键区别 - 渗透vs Diffusion in Biology

渗透是溶剂自发净运动的过程分子（水分子）通过半渗透膜到溶质浓度较高的区域。它倾向于在膜的两侧均衡溶质浓度。这扩散is the total net movement of molecules oratoms从具有较高化学势的较高浓度的区域到具有较低化学势的较低浓度区域。因此，分子正在向下移动浓度梯度。这关键区别between osmosis and diffusion in biology is that渗透是溶剂分子通过半渗透膜移动到具有较高溶质浓度的区域的过程，而扩散是溶剂和溶质分子在任何混合物中的浓度梯度下降的过程。

1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Osmosis
3。什么是扩散
4.Similarities Between Osmosis and Diffusion in Biology
5.Side by Side Comparison – Osmosis vs Diffusion in Biology in Tabular Form
6.Summary

什么是渗透？

在生物学中，渗透是一种物质在半渗透膜上运动的过程，以平衡另一种物质的浓度。例如，在生物细胞中，水分子在半渗透中移动plasma membrane为了平衡溶质浓度（例如：盐浓度）进出细胞。渗透是一个被动过程，它是自发进行的，而无需任何细胞能耗。渗透涉及生化溶液。

一个solutionis made up of two parts such as the溶剂和溶质。Solutions are made by dissolving solutes in solvents. The盐water is the best example in which salt is the solute and water is the solvent. There are three types of solutions such asisotonic，，，，低音和高渗。在等渗溶液中，细胞内部和细胞外部的溶质浓度相等。在这些条件下，溶剂分子在整个条件下没有净运动cell membrane.当净运动为零时，跨质膜内外移动的水量变得相等。

在低音溶液中，细胞内部比细胞外的溶质浓度高。因此，水分子进入细胞而不是离开细胞。高渗是指低渗的相反。细胞外的溶质浓度高于细胞内部的溶质。在这种情况下，比进入细胞的水分子更多的水分子会离开细胞，以降低外部的溶质浓度。

Figure 01: Osmosis

渗透affects植物和动物细胞differently. In hypotonic conditions, animal cells are bursting out due to the absence of cell wall. But in hypertonic situations, both plant cells and animal cells tend to be shrinking. These incidents reveal that how important osmosis is for plant and animal cells for their survival.

什么是扩散?

扩散is the process of net passive movement of particles (atoms,离子or molecules) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration in any mixture. Particle movement proceeds until the concentration of a particular substance becomes uniform.

Key Difference Between Osmosis and Diffusion in Biology

图02：扩散

扩散率受到诸如短距离，大表面积，小尺寸分子，大浓度差异和高温增加的因素的影响。较大的分子非常缓慢地扩散。液体中的气体和小分子可以很容易地从较高的浓度环境扩散到该特定分子的较低浓度环境。生物系统中的几个扩散示例如下：

天然气交换处alveoliin respiration.
Gas exchange for光合作用在植物叶中。
Transfer of neurotransmitter “acetylcholine” at a synapse.

生物学的渗透和扩散之间有什么相似之处？

Both processes are involved in particle movement.
这两个过程都是被动过程。
Both processes are not consuming cell’s energy molecules known as “一个TP”.
Both processes are very important for cell’s survival.
在这两个过程中，颗粒从较高的浓度转移到较低的浓度。

什么是不同ence Between Osmosis and Diffusion in Biology?

渗透vs Diffusion
渗透是溶剂分子通过半渗透膜转移到具有较高溶质浓度的区域的过程。	扩散是分子在任何类型的混合物中向浓度梯度下降的过程。
Solute and Solvent Movement
在渗透中，只有溶剂（水分子）正在移动。	在扩散中，溶质和溶剂分子都在移动。
Semi-permeable Membrane
In osmosis, the semi-permeable membrane is involved.	In diffusion, the semi-permeable membrane is not involved.
Need of Water
In osmosis water is needed for its movement.	在扩散中，它的运动不需要水。
浓度梯度
渗透follows an uphill concentration gradient.	扩散follows a downhill concentration gradient.
重要性
这osmosis is important to distribute nutrients throughout the cell and for the release of metabolic waste.	这扩散is important to create energy through respiration and photosynthesis.
Process
当水从进出时，取决于溶质浓度时会发生渗透。	扩散happens in the gaseous state or liquid state down a concentration gradient.
例子
肿胀红细胞当暴露于淡水时，植物根本吸收水是渗透的一些例子。	一个perfume filling a whole room, a drop of food coloring spreading out to uniformly color a cup of water are some examples of diffusion

摘要 - 渗透vs Diffusion in Biology

渗透is the process of spontaneous movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane to a region where a higher solute concentration is present. It tends to equalize the solute concentration on both sides of the membrane. On the other hand, diffusion is the total net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. So, the molecules are moving down a concentration gradient. This is the difference between osmosis and diffusion in biology.

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参考：

1。Helmenstine, Anne Marie. “Understand the Difference Between Osmosis and Diffusion.”ThoughtCo.在这里可用
2.“扩散。”。Wikipedia，Wikimedia基金会，2017年11月20日。在这里可用
3。“Osmosis.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Oct. 2017.在这里可用