Difference Between Isotonic and Hypertonic

Key difference – Isotonic vs Hypertonic

重要的是要理解的概念Tonicitybefore analyzing the difference between isotonic and hypertonic. Therefore, let us first describe briefly the concept of tonicity and its importance. Tonicity is the variance in水浓度of two solutions divided by a semipermeable membrane. It can also be explained as the relative water concentration of solutions that decide the direction and amount of diffusion of water until it achieves equal concentrations on both sides of the membrane. By identifying the tonicity of solutions, we can determine in which direction water will diffuse. This phenomenon is commonly used when illustrating the response of cells immersed in an external solution. There are three classifications of tonicity that one solution can have relative to another.They are hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic. Thekey differencebetween Isotonic and Hypertonic is that高渗溶液含有比溶质更多的溶剂whereasthe solute and solvent are equally distributed in the isotonic solution.但是，如果我们能够理解等渗和高渗溶液之间的差异，那么记住高渗和等渗溶液的定义就不必不可少。

什么是高渗？

Hyper是上述或过多的词。高渗溶液将具有更高的浓度溶质(glucose or salt) than the cell. Solutes are the elements that are dissolved in a solvent, thereby forming a解决方案. In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it. When a cell is immersed in a hypertonic solution there will be anosmoticshift and water molecules will flow out of the cell in order to balance the concentration of the solutes and there will be shrinkage in the size of the cell.

什么是等渗的？

ISO是同等的另一个词，补品是解决溶液的滋补度。等渗溶液的溶质浓度要比与之比较的溶液相似。在等渗溶液中，溶质的浓度在细胞的内部和外部都相同，在细胞组织的环境中产生平衡。当细胞浸入等渗溶液中时，不会在两个方向上通过细胞膜扩散水分子，以平衡溶质的浓度。此过程不会引起细胞的肿胀或收缩。

What is the difference between Isotonic and Hypertonic?

高渗和等渗之间的差异可以分为以下类别。

Definition of等渗and Hypertonic

高渗：“hyper” is known as above or excessive + “tonic” is known as something along the lines of a solution. Thus, hypertonic suggests increased tonicity of the solution.

等渗:“ ISO”被称为相同 +“补品”，被称为沿解决方案线的东西。因此，等渗表明溶液的相似性能。

Characteristics of等渗and Hypertonic

Concentration of solute and solution

高渗：Solution contains more solvent than solute.

等渗:Solute and solvent in the solution are distributed in an equal manner.

Examples

高渗：纯化的水，因为没有/少的溶质溶解在纯净的水中，并且与细胞环境相比，其浓度非常低。

等渗:盐溶液是人血浆的等渗

细胞在高渗和等渗溶液中反应(见figure 1)

高渗：When a biological cell is in a hypertonic environment, water flows across the cell membrane out of the cell, in order to balance the concentration of solutes in both cell and the environment around the cell. As a result, thecell will shrink当水离开细胞以降低外部环境中较高的溶质浓度。

等渗:When a cell is in an isotonic solution, it will not create swelling or shrinking of the cell.

Water concentration gradient

高渗：Water concentration gradient can be observed from the inside of cell to the hypertonic solution

等渗:水浓度梯度不存在

溶质浓度梯度

高渗：溶质浓度梯度is seen from the hypertonic solution to inside of cell

等渗:溶质浓度梯度不存在。

Osmotic shift

高渗：存在渗透转移。

等渗:osmotic shift does not exist

Movement of water

高渗：水分子从细胞内部转到外溶液方向，因此细胞会损失水。

等渗:Water molecules move or diffuse in both directions, and the rate of water diffusion is similar in each direction. Thus cell will either obtain or lose water.

Sports drinks

等渗:等渗饮料包括与人体相似的盐，糖碳水化合物和电解质。等渗运动饮料通常是口服补液溶液。它通常每100毫升有4-8G碳水化合物。

高渗：高渗drink comprises higher concentrations of salt, sugar carbohydrate and electrolytes as in the human body. It usually has approximately 8g of carbohydrate per 100 ml. A hypertonic solution is also used in osmotherapy in order to manage cerebral hemorrhage. Hypertonic sports drinks are ideal for those who need very high levels of energy.

In conclusion, there are three forms of solutions that are based on solute concentration and they are isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic. The concentration of solutes is the same both inside and outside of the cell in an isotonic solution. The concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell than the outside environment in a hypotonic solution whereas the hypertonic solution is one where the concentration of solutes is greater outside environment than inside cell.

参考

Mansoor, M. A., Beverly, J., and Sandmann. (2002). Applied Physical Pharmacy. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 54–57.

Voet, D., Judith, G. V. and Charlotte, W. P. (2001). Fundamentals of Biochemistry (Rev.ed.). New York: Wiley. p.30.

Image Courtesy:

“Osmotic pressure on blood cells diagram” by LadyofHats – did it myself based on [1], [2] ,[3] and [4]..(Public Domain)viaWikimedia Commons