NAD和NADP之间的差异

Thekey difference在NAD和NADP之间纳德has two phosphate groups, while NADP has three phosphate groups.

ATPis the most important molecule which acts as the universal energy currency of the cell. Apart from that, NAD and NADP molecules are well-knowncofactors或者辅酶参与细胞代谢，它们在代谢转化率作为信号传感器中起着至关重要的作用。NAD和NADP是吡啶核苷酸，含有两个核苷酸，腺嘌呤碱和烟酰胺。尽管NAD和NADP是亲戚，但它们表现出一些差异，如本文所述。从结构上讲，NADP比NAD具有另外一个磷酸基。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is NAD
3.What is NADP
4.Similarities Between NAD and NADP
5.Side by Side Comparison – NAD vs NADP in Tabular Form
6.概括

什么是nad？

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD) is one of the most important coenzymes found in all living cells. Structurally, it contains two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups, as shown in Figure 01. One nucleotide has an adenine group, while the other nucleotide contains nicotinamide. There are two known NAD biosynthetic routes. Thedenovo pathway合成纳德⁺来自天冬氨酸和二羟基丙酮磷酸盐或色氨酸。另一方面，salvage pathwaysutilize degradation products – nicotinic acid and nicotinamide – to produce NAD⁺. The functions of NAD in metabolism are acting as a donor of ADP ribose moieties in ADP ribosylation, as a coenzyme in redox reactions, as a precursor of the second messenger molecule cyclic ADP-ribose, and as a substrate for bacterial DNA ligases.

Moreover, during the redox reactions, NAD converts its reduced form NADP and oxidized form NAD⁺. Furthermore, NAD has a low molecular weight than its relative NADP. Most importantly, NAD lacks the third phosphate group present in NADP.

What is NADP?

纳德P is another important cofactor in living cells that predominantly participate in anabolic metabolism. NADP exists in two forms: oxidized form NADP+ and reduced form NADPH. Moreover, NADP synthesis occurs via the phosphorylation of NAD by NADK (NAD Kinase).

In animals, it is a vital molecule of the cellular oxidative defence system and reductive synthesis. NADP molecules play an important role in maintaining a pool of reducing equivalents that is essential to counteract oxidative damage and for other detoxifying reactions. NADPH system can produce free radicals in immune cells that are essential to destroy pathogens in the body. Furthermore, NADP molecules participate in metabolic pathways such as lipid and cholesterol synthesis, and fatty acid elongation in animal cells.

在植物和其他光合生物体中，NADPH合成发生在电子氧蛋白-NADP+还原酶光合作用的电子链的最后一步中。然后，这些NADP在加尔文循环中的减少功率中起作用，以吸收植物中的二氧化碳。

What are the Similarities Between NAD and NADP?

• 纳德and NADP are two co-enzymes.
• They participate in cellular metabolism.
• Also, both work as electron carriers.
• And, they can oxidize as well as reduce. Hence, they are involved in redox reaction of the cells.
• Both contain two nucleotides joined together via phosphate groups.

What is the Difference Between NAD and NADP?

纳德and NADP are relative coenzymes. NAD is a coenzyme of living cells that participates mainly in redox reactions of cellular respiration. On the other hand, NADP is another important coenzyme that predominantly participates in redox reactions of anabolic metabolism. So, this is the key difference between NAD and NADP.

此外，NADP有一个额外的磷酸组，而NAD分子中不存在此额外的磷酸基团。因此，这也是NAD和NADP之间的显着差异。此外，通过将烟酰胺回到NAD，NAD的产量发生在从氨基酸的“从头”途径中发生。另一方面，NADP生物合成需要NAD激酶催化的NAD磷酸化。因此，我们可以将其视为NAD和NADP之间的另一个区别。

以下信息图总结了有关NAD和NADP之间差异的更多信息。

概括– NAD vs NADP

纳德and NADP are two most important co-enzymes in living cells. They participate in redox reactions (oxidation and reduction reactions). So, both exist in two forms. The oxidized form of NAD is NAD⁺while the oxidized form of NADP is NADP⁺. On the other hand, the reduced form of NAD is NADP, while the reduced form of NADP is NADPH. Both have two nucleotides joined together. But, NADP has an additional phosphate group compared to NAD. Thus, this summarizes the difference between NAD and NADP.

Reference:

1. “Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 June 2019,Available here.
2. “Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide.” Chemistry Explained,Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. Neurotiker的“ NAD+ Phys” - 通过自己的作品（公共领域）通过Commons Wikimedia
2. “NADP+ phys” By NEUROtiker – Own work (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia