关键区别 - 孟德尔与非门德尔的继承
Inheritance是一个从父母传递到后代的过程。1860年代,格雷戈尔·门德尔(Gregor Mendel)介绍了继承理论,并解释了如何allelesare segregated, and the dominant traits are expressed in theheterozygous。This theory is known as Mendelian inheritance, and it is the simplest form of inheritance. However, scientists also observed complex inheritance patterns and they came to the conclusion that some traits cannot be inferred by门德尔定律。Therefore, the concept of inheritance is classified into two types named Mendelian inheritance and non Mendelian inheritance.The genetic traits that follow the principals of Mendel’s law are known as Mendelian inheritancewhile不遵循门德尔定律的遗传特征被称为非孟德尔继承。This is the key difference between Mendelian and non Mendelian inheritance.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是修补elian Inheritance
3.What is Non Mendelian Inheritance
4.并排比较 - 孟德尔vs非门德尔的继承
5。概括
什么是修补elian Inheritance?
每个细胞总共包含从父母那里接收的23个染色体对。后代继承了两个同源染色体, one from the each parent. Genes are the fundamental units in which characteristics are passed from one generation to next generation. A gene occurs in alleles (variants). An offspring receives one allele from one parent and the second allele from the other parent; these ultimately decide thephenotypictrait of the offspring. Of these two alleles, one is known as thedominant allele由于它显示出主要的特征,而另一个等位基因被称为隐性等位基因,因为当两个等位基因是隐性的时,它表达了隐性特征。等位基因可以是纯合子或杂合的特征。
经过八年的豌豆植物实验,格雷戈尔·门德尔(Gregor Mendel)引入了与性状遗传有关的三个关键原则。它们总结如下。
- The law of segregation– During the formation of sex cells (gametes), the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other.
- The独立分类法– Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells independently of one another.
- Thelaw of dominance- 当特征是杂合的时,由于优势等位基因,将在后代中显示出主导性状。
Characteristics which follow these above-mentioned laws during inheritance are known as Mendelian inheritance. According to the third law, one dominant allele is enough to show the dominant trait in the offspring.
What is Non Mendelian Inheritance?
Non Mendelian inheritance refers to any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with the principals of Mendel’s inheritance laws. These traits show more complex inheritance patterns. Unlike Mendelian inheritance, which tells that a gene is composed only of two alleles, non Mendelian inheritance indicates that some traits are governed by多个等位基因。例如,人类血型ABO具有多个等位基因。据说有些特征是polygenic traitswhich cannot follow Mendelian inheritance. These traits often show a range of phenotypes. For example, human skin colour has broad variety due to polygenic nature.
表现出非孟德尔继承的特征在后代中产生不同比例的表型。
What is the difference between Mendelian and Non Mendelian Inheritance?
Mendelian vs Non Mendelian Inheritance |
|
遵循门德尔继承定律的遗传特征是孟德尔的继承。 | 不遵循门德尔继承法的遗传特征被称为非孟德尔继承 |
Traits of the Phenotype | |
Dominant allele determines the traits of the phenotypes. | Traits of the phenotypes can differ from the traits of the homozygous state of the alleles |
Proportions of Phenotype | |
后代中表型的比例与预测的结果相同。 | 在后代观察到的表型的比例与预测值不符。 |
概括– Mendelian vs Non Mendelian Inheritance
Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics. Mendel introduced fundamental laws of inheritance. He explained that the genes are in two alleles and one allele is inherited from one parent to offspring. Alleles can be dominant or recessive, and they are independently segregated during the gamete formation. Dominant trait is exhibited by the dominant allele and trait of the recessive allele is masked by the dominant allele in heterozygous. All these theories are included in Mendelian inheritance laws. Some traits follow the principals of Mendelian laws within the offspring. They are known as Mendelian inheritance. Certain traits show complex inheritance patterns which cannot be explained by the Mendel’s laws. They are known as non Mendelian inheritance. This is the difference between Mendelian and non Mendelian inheritance.
Reference:
1.卢比,史蒂夫。“门德尔的遗传定律。”门德尔的遗传定律。N.P.,N.D。网络。2017年4月27日
2. “Non-Mendelian inheritance.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Mar. 2017. Web. 27 Apr. 2017.
Image Courtesy:
1. “Punnett square mendel flowers” By Madprime – Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Blood Types” by Zappys Technology Solutions(CC由2.0)viaFlickr
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