火成岩和沉积岩之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

这关键区别在火成岩和沉积岩之间火成岩是由称为熔融液体矿物形成的岩浆, while sedimentary rocks are formed from lithification of existing rocks。

地壳上有三种类型的岩石，作为火成岩，沉积岩和变质岩石。地质学家根据形成这些岩石的地质过程进行了分类。当沉积物凝固时，当融化的岩石冷却和凝固时形成火成岩。另一方面，变质岩石是从火成岩或变质岩石变化的岩石。像水周期一样，地质学中存在岩石周期（地质循环）。岩石周期是由内部地质过程（如岩石，火山主义，隆起和/或外部地质过程）形成，降解和改革岩石的过程，例如侵蚀，风化，沉积等。岩石可以变成另一种（其他两种类型中的任何一种）。

内容

1。概述和关键差异
2。火成岩是什么
3。什么是沉积岩石
4。并排比较 - 火成岩与表格形式的沉积岩石
5。Summary

什么是火成岩？

火成岩是地球上最古老的岩石类型。所有其他类型的岩石都是由火成岩形成的。当岩浆（熔融材料）从地球内部升起时，火成岩形成。可以根据其形成深度进一步分类。地面以下形成的岩石是侵入的火成岩’。而且，在地面上形成的岩石是extrusive igneous rocks’（火山岩）。

图01：火成岩

这些火成岩包含40%到80%的二氧化硅。Magnesium and iron are the other important components. Granite, pegmatite, gabbro, dolerite, basalt are some examples of igneous rocks.

什么是沉积岩石？

Rocks break into small pieces due to weathering agents like wind and water. Those small particles are ‘sediments’. These sediments deposit on earth due to various mechanisms. These sediments form as very thin layers. Then these layers become harder over a long period of time. These hardened layers of sediments sedimentary rocks.

图02：沉积岩

这texture of sedimentary rocks reflects the mode of sediment deposition and subsequent weathering. Sedimentary rocks are easy to identify because of the visible layers. Most sedimentary rocks form under the water (sea). Sedimentary rocks normally have pores since they form from sediments. Shale, sandstone, limestone, conglomerate, and coal are some examples of sedimentary rocks. These rocks are usually rich in fossils. Fossils are the remains of the animals and plants that are preserved in rocks. Sedimentary rocks are present in a variety of colours.