Key Difference – Glycerophospholipidsvs Sphingolipids
甘油磷脂and sphingolipids are important constituents of the细胞膜.The甘油s腓立质contain a three carbon glycerol backbone while the sphingolipids contain organic aliphatic amino alcohol sphingosine.This is thekey differenceglycerophospholipids和鞘脂类之间的关系。薄th are important constituents of the cell membrane that have similar properties.
Cell membranes are considered as important structures for a cell since they involve in numerous functions during different cellular activities. They involve in the regulation of exchange of materials between the cell and the outer environment and also function in cell signalling processes that enable cells to communicate with the surrounding cells. The cell membranes are made up of different important materials.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Glycerophospholipids
3.What are Sphingolipids
4.Similarities Between Glycerophospholipids and Sphingolipids
5.并排比较 - 表格形式的甘油磷脂与鞘脂
6。概括
What are Glycerophospholipids?
甘油磷脂被认为是膜BI层或脂质双层的主要成分。它们也被称为磷酸甘油三酸酯。甘油磷脂由分子本身内的三个主要成分组组成。它们是三个碳甘油后骨,在脂肪酸上进行了两个长链,这些脂肪酸是酯基原子的第一和第二碳原子(C1和C2碳)和磷酸的第二个碳原子(C1和C2碳原子)和磷酸,这些碳原子和磷酸被酯化为最终的碳原子;甘油的碳3(C3)羟基。
大多数甘油磷脂具有酯化为磷酸盐的酒精头。甘油磷脂和脂肪酸被认为是两亲分子,因为它们具有亲水性和疏水性部分。考虑脂肪酸的脂肪族链hydrophobic.Fatty acids’羧基and the head groups of glycerophospholipds are considered as hydrophilic. The hydrophobic nature of glycerophospholipds drives this molecule in the assembling of lipid bilayers.
人体中的细胞通过利用不同类型的主要甘油磷脂合成不同类型的主要甘油磷脂,并通过将五种不同酒精之一酯化为磷酸基团的酯化。在一般的甘油磷脂中,第一碳包含一个双键或没有双键,第二个碳具有两个或更多的双键。这些双键在烃链中产生永久性弯曲。这种永久性弯曲为双层提供必要的流动性。
甘油磷脂中存在的各种酒精头组相应地有助于甘油磷脂的分类。如果不存在头部组,则将甘油磷脂称为磷脂酰酸,如果存在甘油头,则称为磷脂酰甘油,如果存在胆碱头组,则称为磷脂酰胆碱。
What are Sphingolipids?
A type of lipids that associate the cell membranes are referred to as sphingolipids. They are based on an eighteen carbon amine alcohol. In simple terms, sphingolipids contain organic aliphatic amino alcohol sphingosine or any substance that resembles the sphingosine. All the members that belong to the group sphingolipids contain a complex or simple sugar that is attached to the first carbon of the alcohol group (C1). The member that deviates from this common structure is sphingomyelin. This molecule consists of a phosphorylcholine group that is the same polar head group present in phosphatidylcholine.
Since sphingomyelin does not contain the sugar moiety, it is considered as an analog to phosphatidylcholine. In addition to the sugar, all sphingolipids contain a fatty acid, which is attached to the amino group of the sphingosine molecule. The sphingomyelin is the only sphingolipid that is considered as a phospholipid that functions as a major component of biological membranes.
鞘磷脂是唯一包含神经组织中丰富形式的鞘脂的磷。鞘磷脂也存在于血液中。鞘脂质病和鞘脂性营养不良是由于异常的鞘脂代谢而产生的两种疾病。由于大脑中鞘脂的积累,可能会出现一种称为Tay Sachs疾病状况的罕见疾病。
What are the Similarities Between Glycerophospholipids and Sphingolipids?
- 薄th Glycerophospholipids and Sphingolipids are constituents of cell membranes.
- 两者都含有脂肪酸。
- 薄th are distributed asymmetrically in the lipid bilayer.
- 薄th Glycerophospholipids and Sphingolipids are amphipathic.
What is the Difference Between Glycerophospholipids and Sphingolipids?
甘油磷脂与鞘脂 |
|
甘油磷脂可以定义为膜BI层或细胞脂质双层的主要成分。 | Sphingolipids are defined as the class of lipids that associate the cell membranes. |
Structure | |
In glycerophospholipids, hydrophobic regions are composed of two fatty acids joined to glycerol. | 在鞘脂中,将单个脂肪酸连接到脂肪胺,鞘氨酸和固醇。 |
Phosphate Groups | |
甘油磷脂have phosphate groups. | Sphingolipids may or may not contain phosphate groups. |
摘要 - 甘油磷脂vs Sphingolipids
细胞膜是将内部细胞环境与外部环境区分开的重要结构。它们由不同的成分组成,例如甘油磷脂和鞘脂。甘油磷脂被认为是脂质双层的主要成分。大多数甘油磷脂具有酯化为磷酸盐的酒精头。鞘脂是将膜与膜相关联的另一类脂质。所有属于鞘脂的成员都包含一个复杂或简单的糖,该糖附着在酒精上的第一碳上,除鞘磷脂外。两者都在其结构中含有脂肪酸。这是甘油磷脂和鞘脂之间的差异。
Reference:
1.Rodriguez-Cuenca, S., et al. “Sphingolipids and Glycerophospholipids – The ‘Ying and Yang’ of Lipotoxicity in Metabolic Diseases.” Progress in Lipid Research, vol. 66, 2017, pp. 14–29., doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2017.01.002
2. Britannica,百科全书的编辑。“鞘脂。”2016年4月22日,英国百科全书,英国百科全书。Available here
3. Farooqui,Akhlaq A.“甘油磷脂。”Els,2014,doi:10.1002/9780470015902.A0000726.PUB3。
Image Courtesy:
1.“甘油磷脂”,通过Alnokta - 自己的作品,(公共领域)通过Commons Wikimedia
2.'sphingolipids通用结构的lhchem - 自己的工作,(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
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