Difference Between Genetic Engineering and Genetic Modification

关键差异 - 遗传Engineering vs Genetic Modification

Genetic engineering and genetic modification are two very closely related terms, although they can be distinguished based on their applications. These two terms are widely used in agricultural biotechnology and plant breeding technologies. Genetic engineering refers to the process where a plant or an organism’s genetic composition is modified in a specific manner. Thus, in genetically engineered organisms, the traits introduced via重组DNA技术methods are known prior to its introduction. Genetic modification is the process by which the genetic composition is altered by several methods in order to achieve the desired trait. This can be a natural phenomenon and is widely used in plant breeding. Thekey difference在基因工程和遗传修饰之间是其过程。During genetic engineering, the gene containing the desired trait is introduced into an organism via recombinant DNA technology. During genetic modification, the organism is modified by several methods to obtain the desired特征.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是基因工程
3.什么是遗传修饰
4.Similarities Between Genetic Engineering and Genetic Modification
5。Side by Side Comparison – Genetic Engineering vs Genetic Modification in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是基因工程?

Genetic engineering is a completely artificial process, where an organism’s genetic composition is modified via recombinant DNA technology. During the genetic engineering process, the gene introduced to alter the natural genetic composition is known. The gene of interest is cloned on to a compatible vector. Vectors can be质粒例如PBR322，Ti质粒Agrobacterium tumerfaciensor viruses such as Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Cauliflower Mosaic virus etc. Gene transformation methods such electroporation, biolistic gene gun method and PEG-mediated gene transfer are also used to introduce the foreign DNA to the respective host organism.

Upon completion of the transformation process, the transformed and the non – transformed cells or plants are selected using special reporter systems such as the GUS assay. By this manner, genetically engineered organisms or plants are produced.

基因工程的生物和植物主要用于商业目的。有机体或能够生产不同有益产品的植物，例如amino acids,proteins，维生素和antibioticsare produced through genetic engineering. Further, Genetically engineered organisms are also used as food sources such as herbicide-tolerant tomatoes, etc.

尽管基因工程食品将成为全球粮食需求日益增加和人口增长的积极方法，但农作物或生物的基因工程是一个备受关注的话题，涉及整个科学界争论的许多社会和道德问题。

什么是遗传修饰？

遗传修饰是一种广泛的术语，涉及在连续几代人对生物或植物引入修饰的各种技术。几个世纪以来，农民和植物育种者已经实践了遗传修饰。遗传修饰涉及通过向宿主引入不同的技术来改变宿主的遗传组成，从而导致新的修改变化。

基因工程是遗传修饰的一种形式。遗传修饰涉及配子的结合，并且修饰从一代传递到另一代。植物之间的一些常见遗传修饰技术包括hybridization, selection and induced mutation. In plant breeding, crossing disease-resistant varieties with diseases susceptible varieties over few generations will ultimately produce disease-resistant varieties. Plant breeding techniques used since many thousand years is a classic example of obtaining genetically modified foods.

遗传修饰可以在自然环境中进行，并且可以在自然条件下发生。因此，它完全不是人造的或体外. During genetic modification, recombinant DNA technology molecular biological methods are not involved.

Thus, over the years most of the food consumed by man are genetically modified food. The process of genetic modification cannot be stopped as it also involves the principle of survival of the fittest. Over the generations, modifications in plants or organisms have enabled them to survive while not causing harm to each other.

基因工程和遗传修饰之间有什么相似之处？

• Both Genetic Engineering and Genetic Modification processes give rise to genetically altered organisms.
• 基因工程和遗传修饰过程均用于向宿主生物引入积极特征。

是什么Difference Between Genetic Engineering and Genetic Modification?

基因工程与基因修饰
基因工程是指植物或生物体的遗传组成通过引入感兴趣的基因来改变的过程。	遗传修饰是通过几种方法改变遗传组成以实现所需基因的过程。
Gene of Interest
已知的感兴趣基因参与基因工程。	Gene of interest is unknown in genetic modification.
基于向量的方法
Vector-based methods are used to transfer genes in genetic engineering.	基于向量的方法不一定必须用于遗传修饰。
Plant Breeding Techniques
不用于基因工程。	强烈建议采用植物育种技术在遗传修饰中引入植物或生物体的修饰。

概括– GeneticEngineering vs Genetic Modification

遗传修饰是通过繁殖技术或进化来修改连续几代人的原始DNA构成的自然过程。因此，基因工程是遗传修饰的最新方法之一。在基因工程中，使用重组DNA技术通过各种载体或载体系统将所需的基因引入植物或生物体中。基因工程的生物或植物需要许多法律和科学程序，然后才能向市场实施。

Reference:

1.发现，宽限期通信。“基因工程。”恩典通信基金会。Available here
2.“The Difference Between the Terms “GE” and “GMO”.” The Delicious Truth.Available here
3.“转基因生物和基因工程生物有什么区别。”NC州扩展新闻。Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.的转基因动物The U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationviaFlickr
2.’Genetic modification of Influenza A virus’By Albert.caballeria – Own work,(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia