Key Difference – General Ledger vs Sub Ledger
Recording financial information is a lengthy and time-consuming process, and its end result is the preparation of year-end financial statements. A business conducts many transactions within an accounting year, and these should be recorded in different accounts according to corresponding accounting standards. General ledger and sub ledger are such accounts that record business transactions. The key difference between general ledger and sub ledger is that虽然总分类帐是记录交易的一组主帐户，但Sub Ledger是链接到总分类帐的中间帐户集。The relationship between these two is that multiple sub ledgers are attached to the general ledger.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is a General Ledger
3.什么是子分类帐
4.Side by Side Comparison – General Ledger vs Sub Ledger
5.概括
What is a General Ledger?
这是记录财政年度内所有交易的主要帐户集。总分类帐的信息源自《通用日记》，这是一本用于输入交易的书。总分类帐包含交易的所有借方和信贷条目，并与帐户类别分开。类别或帐户的主要类型如下。
资产
提供经济利益的长期和短期资源
例如。Property, cash and cash equivalents,accounts receivables
Liabilities
Long term and short term financial obligations that should be settled
例如。还款，应付利息，accounts payable
公平
代表所有者对公司权益的证券
例如。Share capital, share premium,留存收益
收入
Funds received as a result of conducting business transactions
例如。Revenue, investment income
Expenses
Economic costs that a business incurs through its operations to earn revenue
例如。Cost of sales, marketing expenses, administration expenses
Figure 1: General ledger bookkeeping involve transactions recorded in various accounts
什么是子分类帐？
Also referred to as ‘附属书籍’, this is a detailed subset of accounts that contains transaction information. For large scale businesses where many transactions are conducted, it may not be convenient to enter all transactions in the general ledger due to the high volume. In such cases, individual transactions are recorded in ‘subsidiary ledgers’, and the totals are transferred to an account in the general ledger. This account is referred to as the ‘Control account’，此处记录了通常具有高活动水平的帐户类型。子公司分类帐可以包括购买，应付账款，应收账款，生产成本，工资单和任何其他帐户类型。
例如。ABC is a company which does around 75% of their sales on credit; as a result, it has many accounts receivables. Due to the high volume, it is not practical to record all individual receivables transactions in the general ledger; ABC will create individual accounts for each receivable in the sub ledger to record transactions and transfer the balances of all accounts to a single account that collectively represent the total receivables.
This structure allows the company to maintain accounting information at a summary level (in the General Ledger) and at a detailed level (in Sub Ledgers). Information on both levels are important in making various decisions; therefore, the records should be accurate and complete.
What is the difference between General Ledger and Sub Ledger?
General Ledger vs Sub Ledger |
|
| 总分类帐是记录交易的一组主帐户。 | Sub Ledger是一组与总分类帐有关的帐户。 |
| Nature of the Ledger | |
| A single general ledger is maintained by a company. | Many sub ledgers are linked to the general ledger. |
| 交易量 | |
| 总分类帐包含有限的交易，因为它是汇总格式。 | Sub ledger contains large volume of data due to its detailed reporting nature. |
概括– General Ledger vs Sub Ledger
虽然手动完成，但许多公司使用自动化的会计软件包，目前需要最低限度的人为干预来准备财务帐户。这是节省时间，并减少了人类错误的可能性。在两个分类帐中记录交易的方式相似，总分类帐和子分类帐之间的唯一区别是，具有批量交易的帐户在子分类帐中记录在子分类帐中，然后将其总计转移到总分类帐中。
Reference:
1.“动态教学。”动态教学|学习快乐。N.P.，N.D。网络。2017年3月7日。
2. “Subsidiary Ledger Vs. General Ledger.” Small Business – Chron.com. Chron.com, 09 July 2010. Web. 07 Mar. 2017.
3. “Subledger Definition.” AccountingTools. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2017.
4. “Bookkeeping – General Ledger Accounts | AccountingCoach.” AccountingCoach.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2017.
Image Courtesy:
1. “y2cary3n6mng-vjl146-journals-to-general-ledger (2)” byPeter Baskerville(CC BY-SA 2.0)viaFlickr
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