Key Difference – Cost of Sales vs Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of sales and cost of goods sold are two terms that are often used interchangeably. Both cost of sales and cost of goods sold records the cost incurred to produce goods, to purchase goods, to sell to the end customer or to offer a service. Both these amounts are reported in the收入证明following sales revenue. The key difference between cost of sales and cost of goods sold is that c出售商品的OST是免税的，而销售成本不是。
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Cost of Sales
3.What is Cost of Goods Sold
4.并排比较 - 销售成本与出售商品成本
5.概括
What is Cost of Sales
Cost of Sales is the term used to record the direct costs associated with offering a service; thus, this is recorded in service related organizations which do not offer a physical product as their main stream operation. Since service-only businesses cannot directly relate any operating expenses to something tangible, they cannot list any cost of goods sold on their income statements. Without any cost of goods sold on their income statements, they cannot claim any cost of goods sold deductions.
E.g: In a hospital, the direct cost incurred for labor, medical supplies and equipment to provide direct patient care is classified as cost of sales.
What is Cost of Goods Sold
The term cost of goods sold is applicable to manufacturing organizations that have stocks of physical products. Cost of goods sold is calculated using the below formula.
商品成本= Beginning Inventory + Purchases – Ending Inventory
Unlike for cost of sales, a tax reduction is available for cost of goods sold, to compensate for a portion of expenses incurred. This is allowed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the tax authority. IRS Publication 334: Tax Guide for Small Businesses and IRS Publication 550 provides more details regarding the same.
Expenses that are Tax Deductible for Cost of Goods Sold
- Raw materials
未加工的资源,将挂rted into finished goods
- 存储和处理成本
Costs of storing and moving raw materials and finished goods in and out of the production floor
- Shipping costs
一些公司从其他国家进口原材料，因此涉及运输费用。
- Direct labor costs
Wages and salaries cost to workers who are involved with processing the products.
- 工厂的间接费用
Indirect costs and all other manufacturing support costs
Figure 1: Fluctuations in raw material prices directly affect Cost of Goods Sold
只有将产品带入可销售状况的费用，即成品，才能包括在销售的商品成本中。这里不能包括分销，广告和运输等费用；他们应被视为运营费用。对于购买和销售产品的公司，从制造商那里购买各自的成品（购买价格）的成本将被视为销售成本。
What is the difference between Cost of Sales and Cost of Goods Sold?
Cost of Sales vs Cost of Goods Sold |
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| Cost of Sales is not tax deductible | 出售的商品成本可免税。 |
| Use | |
| Service organizations record Cost of Sales to account for direct costs related to delivering a service. | 制造组织记录出售商品成本，以占与生产商品有关的直接成本。 |
摘要 - 销售成本与出售商品成本
Generally accepted accounting principles do not provide any detailed guidelines on cost of goods sold or cost of sales, which is one of the reasons why the two terms are lumped together so frequently. The difference between cost of sales and cost of goods sold can be identified by the product or service offering. For both cost of goods sold and cost of sales, the companies should be careful only to include direct expenses with regard to either the product or service.
Reference:
1. Ross, Sean. “What’s the difference between cost of goods sold (COGS) and cost of sales?” Investopedia. N.p., 26 Nov. 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2017.
2. “Publication 334, Tax Guide for Small Business (For Individuals Who Use Schedule C or C-EZ).” Publication 334, Tax Guide for Small Business (For Individuals Who Use Schedule C or C-EZ). N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2017.
3. “Direct costs.” The Free Dictionary. Farlex, n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2017.
4.“销售和毛利的商品成本 - 无限的开放教科书。”无限。N.P.，N.D。网络。2017年2月19日。
5. “What is cost of sales? definition and meaning.” BusinessDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2017.
Image Courtesy:
1.“全球贸易小麦粗粒大豆2008 USDA”Economic research unit of the USDA,us federal gov – (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
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