基本颗粒和基本颗粒之间的差异

Thekey difference在基本粒子和基本粒子之间基本粒子是物质的基本成分，而基本粒子是宇宙中最小的已知构件。

We often use the names fundamental particles and elementary particles as synonyms. But there is a difference between fundamental particles and elementary particles because the term fundamental particle is used mainly forquarkswhile the term elementary particle is used for all smallest known particles.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Fundamental Particles
3.What are Elementary Particles
4.Side by Side Comparison – Fundamental Particles vs Elementary Particles in Tabular Form
5.概括

What are Fundamental Particles?

Fundamental particles or quarks are a major category of elementary particles and are a fundamental constituent of matter. Generally, these particles interact strongly with each other by strong nuclear interaction to form combinations of quarks. We can call these combinations as Hadrons. However, isolated quarks do not exist in our universe at present. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that all the quarks in this universe are in some form of hadrons. (Most common and known types of the hadrons are protons and neutrons).

此外，夸克粒子具有称为巴属号码的内部属性。所有这些颗粒的重子数为1/3，反夸克的baryon数字为-1/3。此外，在涉及基本颗粒的反应中，该特性被称为保守。

除此之外，夸克颗粒还有另一个名为“风味”的特性。有一个数字来表示称为粒子的风味flavour number。The flavours are referred to as Upness (U), Downness (D), Strangeness (S) and so on. The up quark has an upness of +1 while 0 strangeness and Downness.

What are Elementary Particles?

基本颗粒是没有子结构的亚原子颗粒。这意味着这些粒子不能进一步分为其他颗粒。主要的基本粒子包括费米（有两种类型matter and antimatterparticles) andbosons。如果there is a particle that contains two or more elementary particles, we can call them as composite particles. All elementary particles are either bosons or fermions.

Bosons are a type of elementary particles having an integer spin. These particles are not constrained by the Pauli exclusion principle. Furthermore, we can describe the energy distribution of boson particles using Bose-Einstein statistics.

Fermions are another type of elementary particles containing a half-integer spin. Therefore, these particles are constrained by the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Unlike bosons, two fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state at the same time. If multiple fermions have the same spatial probability distribution, then at least the spin of each fermion is different from each other. Moreover, fermions are particles that make up the matter.

What is the Difference Between Fundamental Particles and Elementary Particles?

The key difference between fundamental particles and elementary particles is that fundamental particles are quarks or fundamental constituents of matter whereas elementary particles are the smallest known building blocks of the universe. Fundamental particles are quarks while elementary particles are either bosons or fermions.

此外，基本颗粒具有颜色电荷，而基本粒子可能会或可能没有颜色电荷。因此，这是基本颗粒和基本颗粒之间的另一个区别。

Below infographic compares both particles side by side to discern the difference between fundamental particles and elementary particles easily.

概括– Fundamental Particles vs Elementary Particles

Although we often use the names fundamental particles and elementary particles as synonyms, there is a difference between fundamental particles and elementary particles. The key difference between fundamental particles and elementary particles is that fundamental particles are quarks which are a fundamental constituent of matter whereas elementary particles are the smallest known building blocks of the universe.

Reference:

1. “Quark.”Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Aug. 2020,Available here。

Image Courtesy:

1. “Proton quark structure” By Jacek rybak – Own work(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. Missmj的“基本颗粒的标准模型”，Cush - Uploader，PBS Nova [1]，Fermilab，美国能源部科学办公室的作品Commons Wikimedia