物质和反物质之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween matter and antimatter is thatmatter and antimatter have opposite electrical charges.

物质主导着我们的宇宙。诸如行星，星星和人类之类的东西是由母校制成的，但也有dark matter and dark energywe cannot detect easily. However, scientists have found that matter comes in pairs. That means; all matter has its own antimatter, which has identical properties except for the electrical charge. For example, a proton has a positive charge, while an antiproton has a negative charge. But, they have the same mass and other properties.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么事
3.What is Antimatter
4.Side by Side Comparison – Matter vs Antimatter in Tabular Form
5.概括

什么事?

Matter is any substance that has a mass and a volume. The matter is made up of atoms. An atom is made up of subatomic particles. However, we usually consider atom as the basic unit of matter. The term matter does not include massless particles such as photons. Moreover, energy phenomena such as light and sound are not considered as matter. Matter can exist in different phases: solid phase, liquid phase, and gas phase. However, another phase of matter is possible; we name it as the plasma state. The plasma state contains atoms, ions and free electrons that are removed from atoms to form the ions.

An atom contains an atomic nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons along with some other subatomic particles, surrounded by a cloud of electrons. However, modern quantum physics states that an atom can act as both a particle and as a wave; we name this as wave-particle duality.

In addition to using atoms, orprotons,neutrons和electrons, we can define matter using钩子和quarksas well. These are elementary particles of matter. According to this definition, ordinary matter is anything that is composed of leptons and quarks. Therefore, the matter is anything that does not contain antileptons and antiquarks. Leptons and quarks combine to form atoms. Atoms combine to form molecules. Atoms and molecules can be named as matter. However, electrons are a type of leptons and protons and neutrons are made of quark particles. Therefore, all these definitions lead to the idea that matter is anything having a mass and a volume and not antimatter.

What is Antimatter?

Antimatter is the matter containing antiparticles that contribute to the formation of matter. Therefore, antimatter is the opposite of matter. For example, proton and antiproton are a pair of matter and antimatter, respectively. The matter and antimatter pairs have the same mass but opposite electrical charges. They have some differences in quantum properties as well. e.g. a proton is positively charged while an antiproton has a negative charge.

物质和反物质之间的碰撞会导致相互歼灭。这意味着物质和反物质转换为具有相等能量的其他颗粒。歼灭会引起强烈的光子，例如伽马射线，中微子和其他一些粒子 - 抗腹膜对。但是，从歼灭中释放的大多数能量都是电离辐射的形式。

Similar to matter, antimatter particles can bind with each to form antimatter. For instance, a positron is the antiparticle of the electron, while antiproton is the antiparticle of a proton; these two antiparticles can bind to form an antihydrogen atom. We can denote the antimatter using a bar sign over the particle’s symbol in order to distinguish it from matter.

物质和反物质有什么区别？

物质和反物质之间的主要区别在于物质和反物质具有相反的电荷。反物质基本上是物质相反的，但是除电荷以外，它们具有相同的性能。

下面的信息图总结了物质和反物质之间的差异。

概括– Matter vs Antimatter

Antimatter is the opposite of matter, but they have identical properties in addition to the electrical charge. The key difference between matter and antimatter is that matter and antimatter have opposite electrical charges.

Reference:

1. “Matter.”维基百科, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Dec. 2019,Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. “Proton quark structure” By Jacek rybak – Own work(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
By Carl D. Anderson (1905–1991) – Anderson, Carl D. (1933). “The Positive Electron”. Physical Review 43 (6): 491–494. DOI:10.1103/PhysRev.43.491 (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia