Thekey differencebetween endosymbiosis and invagination is thatendosymbiosis is a theory that explains the origin ofmitochondria and chloroplastsinside theeukaryotic cell虽然内陷是一个过程,该过程通过从核和其他细胞细胞器来解释了通过从形成中形成核的起源和其他细胞细胞器。质膜to the cell interior.
科学家认为,真核细胞是从原核细胞演变而来的。他们开发了许多理论来解释这种进化是如何发生的。内共生理论是一种这样的理论,它解释了原核生物细菌的真核细胞内部线粒体和叶绿体的起源。而内陷是一个解释真核细胞内部细胞核和其他膜结合细胞器的起源的过程。
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是内共生
3.什么是内陷
4.Similarities Between Endosymbiosis and Invagination
5.Side by Side Comparison – Endosymbiosis vs Invagination in Tabular Form
6。概括
什么是内共生?
Endosymbiosis is a hypothesized process that explains the origin of the eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell. It is one of the important events in evolution. Hence, it is an accepted theory in biology. Endosymbiosis theory describes how mitochondria and chloroplasts enter eukaryotic cells. These two organelles have their own DNA. Thus, it is believed that mitochondria have originated in eukaryotic cells from autotrophic alphaproteobacteria via endosymbiosis. This is a result of a symbiotic relationship between a primitive eukaryotic cell and an autotrophic bacterium. The primitive eukaryotic cell has engulfed the bacterium and eventually, their symbiotic relationship has lead to the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.
另一方面,叶绿体已起源于蓝细菌通过内共生的植物细胞。一个具有线粒体的原始真核细胞吞噬了蓝细菌,并导致光合作用真核细胞内的叶绿体的起源。因此,内共生理论解释了如何在细菌的真核细胞内建立线粒体和叶绿体。
什么是内陷?
Invagination is another process involved with the evolution of other organelles except for mitochondria and chloroplasts inside the eukaryotic cells. As explained in the above section, mitochondria and chloroplasts were engulfed by the primitive eukaryotic cell through the endosymbiosis. Hence, the origin of the nucleus and other organelles is believed to have happened by the invagination of the plasma membrane into the cell interior as a result of mutation. Due to this mutation, plasma membrane began to fold inside, forming an invagination. Eventually, this invagination grew over generations and surrounded the cell’s DNA by forming the nuclear envelope and the nucleus. Due to the less interference of cytoplasmic chemicals and reactions and other disturbances, DNA has started to evolve and change within the nucleus. That expanded the complex nature of the eukaryotic cell.
Similarly, other cell organelles also began to form via invagination process. The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes are believed to have originated by invagination of the plasma membrane.
What are the Similarities Between Endosymbiosis and Invagination?
- Endosymbiosis and invagination are related to the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
- Also, both concepts explain the origin of different cell components of the eukaryotic cell.
内共生和不知病有什么区别?
Endosymbiosis refers to the theory that describes the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts inside the eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells. Invagination describes the origin of the nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles within the eukaryotic cells due to the folding of the plasma membrane inside. Therefore, this is the key difference between endosymbiosis and invagination. Endosymbiosis occurs via engulfment while invagination occurs via folding of the plasma membrane. So, this is also a significant difference between endosymbiosis and invagination.
Below infographic summarizes the difference between endosymbiosis and invagination.
概括– Endosymbiosis vs Invagination
内共生和内陷是真核细胞进化中的两个假设。内生物无生物描述了真核细胞吞噬原核细胞,以及真核细胞内的线粒体和叶绿体的起源。另一方面,内陷是质膜的折叠,以使真核细胞内的细胞核和其他结合的细胞细胞器。这两种理论都有助于了解真核细胞如何在许多世代发展和获得复杂性。这是内共生和不败之间差异的摘要。
Reference:
1. Endosymbiosis – The Appearance of the Eukaryotes,Available here.
2. Hesterman, Donna, and Nathan H Lents. “Cellular Organelles I | Biology.” Visionlearning, Visionlearning, Inc., 12 Feb. 2017,Available here.
Image Courtesy:
1. “Serial endosymbiosis” By Kelvinsong – Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
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