延性和脆性变形之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

这关键区别between ductile and brittle deformation is that延性变形在低处发生拉紧rates, whereas brittle deformation occurs at high strain rates.

When increasing the stress applied on a particular rock, the rock passes through three types of successive stages of deformation. They are the弹性变形，延性变形和脆性变形。弹性变形是可逆的变形，在脆性变形导致岩石破裂的情况下，延性变形是不可逆的。

1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Ductile Deformation
3。什么是脆性变形
4。并排比较 - 表格形式的延性与脆性变形
5。Summary

什么是延性变形？

地球科学中的延性变形是在冰川前的冰川前的沉积物或岩石中生产大型折叠，这可能会变成过高的折叠。这可能导致沉积物或岩石由于继续前进而开始受到内部推力。这种类型的岩石变形极为岩石型。这是因为即使岩石中矿物质成分的变化也很小，也会产生完全不同的延性特性。此外，延性变形的机制高度用途。

此外,塑性变形表示形状changes of a material through bending or flowing during which chemical bonds can become broken but subsequently reform into new bonds. This requires stress that surpasses the elastic threshold and a deformation rate that is slow enough to accommodate more strain without breaking down the material. A rock that experienced ductile deformation typically has properties such as fold, foliation, and lineation. However, foliation and lineation can also be observed after brittle deformation.

几种机制负责延伸性变形，包括扩散蠕变，脱位蠕变，机械孪晶/扭结，晶界滑动和刚体旋转。当整个晶体晶格中的原子和空缺的迁移发生固体晶体的变形时，就会发生扩散蠕变。该过程是由外部应力施加的化学势梯度驱动的。

Diffusion creep is the most common mechanism of diffusion creep; there are three subcategories of diffusion creep: Nabarro-Herring creep, Coble creep, and dissolution-precipitation creep. Among these three, the first two forms indicate the conservative diffusion of atoms and vacancies in a crystalline solid. The third method is also known as pressure solution creep or wet diffusion creep, and it requires a film of fluid that acts as a carrier of crystalline material. Here, the solute diffuses non-conservatively through the fluid from the sites of dissolution to precipitation along grain boundaries.

什么是脆性变形？

Brittle deformation is a type of deformation that occurs by fracturing and faulting. This term refers to the breaking of chemical bonds that are not subsequently undergoing any reforming. Therefore, the result of the brittle deformation is analogous to those observations in broken plates such as fractures. The brittle deformation of a particular rock depends on the rheology of the rock. The brittle deformation of a rock occurs at a high strain rate.