克隆和应变之间的差异| Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms

Thekey difference克隆和应变之间clone is a genetically identical organism to itsprogenitorwhile strain is a genetic variant or subtype of an organism.

Clone and strain are two concepts used when defining organisms. Clone is a genetically identical cell, cell product, aggregate of cells, or organism. Its genetic makeup is similar to the parent or the ancestor. On the other hand, a strain is a genetic variant or a subtype. Within onespecies, there can be many strains that are characterized by serologic or biochemical reactions, phage or bacteriocin sensitivity, pathogenicity, or other characteristics.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is a Clone
3.什么是压力
4.Similarity Between Clone and Strain
5.Side by Side Comparison – Clone vs Strain in Tabular Form
6.概括

What is a Clone?

A clone is an organism that is genetically identical to its parent. A clone has the same genetic makeup as the original. In simple words, it is a copy of the progenitor. Generally, clones are produced by无性繁殖。克隆可以是细胞，细胞产物或生物体。它也可以是从单个细胞无性近无性产生的遗传相同细胞的聚集体。

Figure 01: Plant Clones

Clones can also be produced from plants. Therefore, plant cloning produces genetically identical plants from an original plant. In gene cloning, a specific DNA fragment is inserted into acloning vector并转化为宿主细胞，并允许宿主细胞繁殖，并带有基因克隆。

什么是压力?

A strain is a genetic variant or a subtype of an organism. A strain is often classified below the species level. Strains are of medical interest. When there is an outbreak of a disease, it is necessary to identify a causative agent and its genetic variants or strains. Within a species, strains can differ by the disease they produce, their environmental habitat, and many other characteristics. For example,E. coli是一种生活在健康人的肠道中的细菌。E. coli不是一个有害的细菌。但是应变E. coli(E. coliO157:H7) causes severe stomach cramps, bloody diarrhoea and vomiting.

Figure 02: Strains

The identification of a strain is difficult compared to the identification of a species. Pathogenic or epidemic strains can be classified by the presence of a specific plasmid, by their plasmid profile, or by bacteriophage susceptibility patterns (phage typing). Difficulties come in the identification of strains when atypical strains or rare or newly described species are not in the database.

In classification, strains are grouped together when they show common serologic or biochemical reactions, phage or bacteriocin sensitivity, pathogenicity, or other characteristics. Moreover, strains are characterized by their differing isoforms of surface proteins.

What is the Similarity Between Clone and Strain?

克隆和菌株是生物学定义生物的两个术语。

克隆和应变有什么区别？

Clone is a genetically identical cell, cell product or organism while a strain is a genetic variant or subtype within one species. So, this is the key difference between clone and strain. The genetic makeup of the clone is similar to the parent while the genetic makeup of the strain is different from the other strains.

Below is a summary of the difference between clone and strain in tabular form.

概括– Clone vs Strain

Clone is a genetically identical organism. Therefore, a clone has the same genetic makeup as the parent organism. In contrast, a strain is a genetic variant or a subtype. It can be produced due to a specific set of mutations. In medical microbiology, the identification of strains is very important in order to prevent pandemic diseases. Thus, this is the summary of the difference between clone and strain.

Reference:

1. Baron, Ellen Jo. “Classification.” Medical Microbiology. 4th Edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1996,Available here。
2.“克隆（细胞生物学）。”。维基百科，维基梅迪亚基金会，2020年5月12日，Available here。