Difference Between Bohr and Rutherford Model

Key Difference – Bohr vs Rutherford Model

概念原子约翰·多尔顿（John Dolton）于1808年首次引入了它们的结构。他通过将原子视为没有结构的无形颗粒来解释化学组合的定律。然后在1911年，新西兰物理学家欧内斯特·卢瑟福（Ernest Rutherford）提出了原子由两个组成部分组成：原子中心的带正电荷的核和负电荷的核electronsin the extranuclear part of the atom. Certain theories such as electromagnetic theory presented by Maxwell could not be explained with Rutherford’s model. Because of such limitations in Rutherford’s model, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr proposed a new model in 1913 based on the quantum theory of radiations. Bohr’s model was largely accepted and he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work. Even though it was largely accepted, it still carries certain drawbacks and limitations. The main difference between Bohr model and Rutherford model is thatin Rutherford model, electrons can revolve in anyorbitaround the nucleus, whereas in Bohr model, electrons can revolve in a definite shell.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Bohr Model
3.卢瑟福模型是什么
4.并排比较 - Bohr vs Rutherford模型以表格形式
6。概括

What is Bohr Model?

Bohr’s model was proposed by Niels Bohr in 1922 to explain the structure of the atom. In this model, Bohr mentioned that the most of theatomic mass位于包含的中央核中protons电子和电子以确定的能级排列，并围绕核旋转。该模型还提出了电子构型，该电子构型解释了电子在指定为K，L，M，N等的圆形轨道上的排列。具有完整电子构型的原子不活跃。电子构型确定原子的反应性。

Bohr’s model is able to explain the spectrum of the氢原子, but it cannot fully explain the reactivity of multielectron atoms. Moreover, it does not explain theZeeman Effect, where each spectral line split up into more lines in the presence of an external magnetic field. In this model, an electron is considered only as a particle. However, a French physicist, de Broglie discovered that electrons have both wave and particle properties. Later on, a physicist put forth another principle called Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, which explains the impossibility of the simultaneous determination of exact position and momentum of small moving particles such as electrons. With this invention, Bohr’s model faced a serious setback.

什么是卢瑟福模特？

1911年，欧内斯特·卢瑟福（Ernest Rutherford）提出了卢瑟福（Rutherford）的模特。它指出原子（体积）主要由空间组成，原子的质量集中在原子的核心中，这是原子的核心。核的带正电和围绕细胞核的电子轨道。轨道没有确定的路径。此外，由于原子是中性的，因此它们具有相等的阳性（在核中）和负电荷（电子）。

卢瑟福的模型未能解释电磁理论，原子的稳定性以及氢光谱中确定的线的存在。

的区别是什么tween Bohr and Rutherford Model?

Bohr vs Rutherford模特
Bohr model was proposed by Niels Bohr in 1922.	Rutherford model was proposed by Ernest Rutherford in 1911.
Theory
大多数原子质量都位于中央核中，其中包含质子，并且电子以确定的能级或壳体排列。	Most of the atom consists of empty space. The center of the atom contains a positively charged nucleus and its negatively charged electrons are present in the space surrounding the nucleus.
Emission of Radiation of Electrons
电子仅发射确定的频率波。	电子散发所有频率的波。
电子发射光谱
电子发射光谱is a line spectrum.	电子发射光谱是连续光谱.

概括– Bohr vs Rutherford Model

Both Bohr and Rutherford models are planetary models that explain the atomic structure up to a certain extent. These models have limitations and do not explain some modern principles of physics. However, these models greatly contribute towards modern advanced models that explain the atomic structure. Bohr model states that most of the atomic mass is in the central nucleus, which contains protons and, that electrons are arranged in definite energy levels or shells, resulting in electron line spectrum. Rutherford’s model states that most of the atom consists of an empty space and the center of the atom contains a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons, resulting in continuous electron spectrum. This is the difference between Bohr and Rutherford Model.

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参考：

1. Tarendash, A. S. Let’s review: chemistry, the physical setting. Barron’s Educational Series, 2006. Print.
2.沃伦（Warren），D。在社会和历史背景下的化学家：化学家是现实世界中的真实人。皇家化学学会，2001年。印刷。

Image Courtesy:

1. “Bohr model” By Jia.liu – Own work (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2.通过自己的工作（Create Joder XD XD）的“ Rutherford Atom”(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia