Difference Between Biodegradation and Bioremediation

Key Difference – Biodegradation vs Bioremediation

大量细菌和真菌物种具有降解环境中有机污染物的能力。生物降解是微生物介导的有机物分解。生物修复是人们通过使用生物降解过程的微生物来清理有机物和其他物质的一种技术。生物降解和生物修复之间的关键区别在于生物降解是一个自然过程，在环境中发生，而生物修复是人类采用的一种工程技术来清洁环境。Both processes are governed mainly by the microorganisms.

内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是生物降解
3.什么是生物修复
4.Side by Side Comparison – Biodegradation vs Bioremediation
5.概括

什么是生物降解？

微生物在环境中积累的有机材料的分解中起着关键作用。它们是土壤中营养素的回收者。几乎所有的生物地球化学周期都是由土壤中的土著微生物种群驱动的。生物降解是微生物降解或分解有机化合物的过程。这是一个重要的过程，可以用营养补充环境。微生物降解有机材料的生长和代谢。结果，复杂的有机物质转化为二氧化碳和水。

There are two modes of biodegradation: aerobic biodegradation and anaerobic biodegradation.Aerobic biodegradationis done by aerobic microorganisms when the adequate supply of oxygen is available for their activity. Aerobic biodegradation is a rapid method which degrades the contaminants completely when compared to anaerobic biodegradation.Anaerobic biodegradationtakes place in the absence of oxygen. Its pathway has four major steps:hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. Organic substances are subjected to anaerobic digestion and converted into carbon dioxide and methane.

什么是生物修复？

Bioremediation is the process which uses either microorganisms or plants to clean polluted environments. Naturally occurring or introduced organisms, especially microorganisms, which break down environmental pollutants can be used in bioremediation. The main objective of the bioremediation is to convert hazardous substances into non toxic or less toxic substances using biological agents. Bioremediation technology can be divided into two main categories asin situbioremediation andex situbioremediation. Contaminants are broken down at the site of the originated inin situ生物修复。一些污染物被从污染部位处理出来。这种生物修复被称为ex situ生物修复。

Bioremediation is a biotechnological approach for controlling environmental pollution. The natural biodegradable ability of biological agents such as bacteria, fungi, plants is explored in bioremediation. Bioremediation involves manipulation of the environmental parameters such as pH, temperature, moisture content, etc. to obtain optimal growth of microorganisms and achieves a higher rate of degradation. Some examples of this technology are phytoremediation, bioventing, bioleaching, landfarming, bioreactor, composting, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation, etc.

What is the difference between Biodegradation and Bioremediation?

Biodegradation vs Bioremediation
生物降解是通过微生物在环境中分解有机材料的过程	Bioremediation is a waste management technique which uses biological agents to clean the contaminants in the environment
Nature of the Process
It’s a natural process that happens without human intervention.	It’s an engineered process that happens with human intervention.
速度
This is a slow process.	这是一个更快的过程
控制
Biodegradation is controlled by nature.	Bioremediation is a controlled process
Effects
生物降解既有益又有害。	生物修复始终具有有益的效果。
Time and Location
Biodegradation happens everywhere in the environment	生物修复发生在受污染的部位。
Need for Expertise
There is no need for experts.	需要专家设计和实施此过程。

摘要 - 生物降解与生物修复

Biodegradation is the ability of microorganisms to decompose organic materials in the environment. Bacteria and fungi are well-knowndecomposers在有助于回收环境中元素的土壤中。在存在氧气的情况下，大多数污染物被有氧生物降解完全降解。厌氧生物降解是在含氧环境下进行的。生物修复是一种生物技术方法，它使用生物学剂清洁环境中的污染物。在生物修复中，将有机体引入受污染的部位，或通过提供合适的生长要求来增强天然微生物。生物修复使用微生物的生物降解能力来加快环境清洁过程。这是

Reference:
1.”Biodegradation and Bioremediation.” Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Mar. 2017
2.”Microbial Bioremediation: A Potential Tool for Restoration of Contaminated Areas.” Microbial Bioremediation: A Potential Tool for Restoration of Contaminated Areas – Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation – 1. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Mar. 2017

Image Courtesy:
1. Timmer26的“污染物的生物降解” - 自己的工作(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. Townie的“植物修复过程 - SVG”（Arulnangai＆Xavier dengra。Commons Wikimedia