生物蓄积和生物磁化之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

这关键区别between bioaccumulation and biomagnification is that生物蓄积是指在生物体体内的有毒化学物质的堆积，而生物磁化是沿着毒性化学物质的浓度升高food chain。

食物链是生态系统中生物体之间的重要相互关系。它从主要生产商开始，主要是光自养生的植物。植物使用阳光和无机碳源为自己生产食物。草食动物占据食物链的第二层的下一个级别通常被占据杂食和食肉动物。食物链很好地解释了每个级别对食物的依赖性。同样，在底层生产的食物也将其传递给高层。与食物一起，在较低的营养水平中的任何物质也可以与营养物质一起传播到上层。生物蓄积和生物磁化是两个现象，与沿食物链中的有害物质传递到高层有关。

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是生物蓄积
3。What is Biomagnification
4。Similarities Between Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
5。并排比较 - 表格形式的生物蓄积与生物磁化
6.Summary

什么是生物蓄积?

Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of toxic substances in living organisms. It happens over time. These substances could be heavy metals, pesticides, or organic chemicals. They enter into the living systems via water or food. Bioaccumulation occurs via food chains. The accumulation of toxic substances in the lower trophic levels is less compared to that of higher trophic levels. Usually, a body has mechanisms to remove all the unwanted and toxic products from the body. Hence, bioaccumulation happens when the accumulating rate is much higher than the removal rate. Therefore, if the lifetime of the substance is higher, the impact of it also gets higher.

图01：生物蓄积

Usually, kidneys are responsible for removing the majority of unwanted substances from the body. Blood carries them into the kidneys and then the production of urine happens through过滤和选择性重吸收。In order to remove toxins with urine, they should be water soluble. But, bioaccumulative substances are normally fat soluble and braking them down into smaller molecules is not possible. Therefore, they tend to remain in the body.

什么是生物磁化？

生物放大的增加桩ion of a toxic substance over time when going along a lower level to a higher level in a food chain. The pollutants must be long-lived in order to cause biomagnification. Also, it should be mobile, so that it easily enters into biological systems by means of food or water. If it is not mobile, it may stay inside one organism and will not pass into the next trophic level. Moreover, if they are soluble in fat, they tend to remain in bodies of organisms for a longer period.

Figure 02: Biomagnification

此外，为了进行生物磁化，污染物必须具有生物活性。例如，DDT是一种可以生物磁化的氯化烃。它对昆虫有毒，有15年的半衰期。汞，铅，镉，锌等重金属也有毒，并且可以被生物磁化。

生物积累和生物磁化之间有什么相似之处？

生物积累和生物磁化都与有毒化学物质有关。
In both instances, substances are fat soluble.
另外，这些物质是移动的。
此外，这些物质不能分解为较小的分子。
In addition, these substances are long-lived.

What is the Difference Between Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification?

生物蓄积是一种物质在一种生物体中的浓度的增加，而在食物链中上升时，生物磁化的水平正在增加。因此，这是生物积累和生物磁化之间的关键区别。同样，生物蓄积和生物磁化之间的进一步差异是，生物蓄积发生在热带水平，而生物磁化发生在营养水平之间。

下面的信息图总结了生物积累和生物磁化之间的差异。

Summary – Bioaccumulation vs Biomagnification

沿食物链时，生物活性，脂溶性，长寿有毒物质会积聚。此外，有毒物质的浓度增加了生物体。生物蓄积和生物磁化是与此相关的两个过程。生物蓄积是指有机体中有毒物质浓度的升高，而生物磁化是指在食物链中从较低水平到较高水平的有毒物质浓度的增加。因此，这是生物积累和生物磁化之间差异的摘要。

参考：

1。“What is Bioaccumulation? – Definition, Causes & Examples.” Study.com,在这里可用。
2.“”Biomagnification.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Feb. 2019,在这里可用。