Difference Between Appressorium and Haustorium

Thekey differencebetween appressorium and haustorium is thatappressorium forms bulb-like structures upon infection, while haustorium forms root-like structures upon infection.

Plant fungal diseases are very common in soil fungi. These fungi form special structures that are capable off penetrating the plant systems, thereby leading to the onset of infections. Moreover, these are parasitic relationships where the host is not benefited. Appressorium and haustorium are two such formations of fungi during the invasion of plant cells.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Appressorium
3.什么是haustorium
4.Appressorium和Haustorium之间的相似之处
5.Side by Side Comparison – Appressorium vs Haustorium in Tabular Form
6.概括

What is Appressorium?

Appressorium是真菌中存在的一种专门细胞类型。它们通常存在于引起植物感染的真菌病原体中。appressorium是一个扁平的菌丝structure. Furthermore, this structure is capable of entering the host and growing inside the host. The germ tube formation takes place inside the host in response to chemical and physical stimulations.

The appressorium formation begins at the tip of the fungal germ tube. Moreover, the mobilization of the spore contents to the appressorium takes place next, leading to the formation of the septum at the neck of the appressorium. Therefore, appressorium forms bulb-like structures on plants upon infection.

Moreover, during the maturation of the appressorium, it firmly attaches itself to the plant surface. The mature appressorium then secretes a dense layer of melanin. With the secretion of melanin, theturgor pressureinside the appressorium increases and this drives the penetration of the hyphae into the plant cuticle, causing the infection. Besides, appressorium is responsible for fungal rust in plants.

什么是haustorium?

Haustorium is a root-like structure formed by the fungi. They grow towards the ground. Furthermore, the main function of haustorium is to absorb nutrients and water from the soil. Haustorium is an important structure in fungi that enables the fungi to infect plants. Thus, haustorium can penetrate plant roots and absorb the plant nutrients. It is a feature of parasitic fungi.

The haustorium can penetrate in between the cell wall and plasma membrane of the plant cell. Moreover, they possess a siphon like action that facilitates the absorbance of nutrients from plants.

What are the Similarities Between Appressorium and Haustorium?

• Both are structures present in fungi
• 他们有能力渗透到植物宿主cells.
• Both absorb nutrients and water.
• Moreover, these structures are important in the development of plant fungal diseases.

What is the Difference Between Appressorium and Haustorium?

Appressorium和Haustorium是参与引起植物疾病的致病真菌的非常相似的结构。但是，Appressorium和Haustorium之间的主要区别是它们在感染后形成的结构。Appressorium形成球茎结构，而Haustorium在感染后形成了根状结构。

概括– Appressorium vs Haustorium

Basically, appressorium and haustorium are two structures present in most parasitic fungi. Moreover, they penetrate the plant hosts and cause infections in the plants. Upon penetration, they absorb plant nutrients causing harm to the plant host. The key difference between appressorium and haustorium is that the former forms bulbous structures while the later forms root-like structures.

Reference:

1. Moore, David, et al. “21st Century Guidebook to Fungi, SECOND EDITION, by David Moore, Geoffrey D. Robson and Anthony P. J. Trinci.” 14.14 Direct Penetration of the Host Cell Wall, 1 July 2019,Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. “Appressorium 2” By drawing: User:Rasbak. modification: User:Selso – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appressorium.png(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Haustorium P1120275 (38757316935)” By Margaret Donald from Sydney, Australia – P1120275(CC BY-SA 2.0)viaCommons Wikimedia