Key Difference – Aplastic Anemia vs Leukemia
白血病可以定义为异常恶性单克隆的积累白血细胞in the骨髓。从这个名字本身,您可以知道勒ukemia is a type of malignancy. Pancytopenia with hypercellularity (aplasia) of the bone marrow is identified as aplastic anemia. The key difference between aplastic anemia and leukemia is the presence or absence of absence of anycancerous cells,,,,leukemic, or abnormal cells;白血病的特征是外周血或骨髓中存在癌性,白血病或异常细胞性贫血不是。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Aplastic Anemia
3。什么是白血病
4。Similarities Between Aplastic Anemia and Leukemia
5。Side by Side Comparison – Aplastic Anemia vs Leukemia in Tabular Form
6。Summary
What is Aplastic Anemia?
具有骨髓高细胞性(APLASIA)的全年性症可以定义为性障碍性贫血。在这种情况下,在外周血或骨髓中未发现白血病,癌性或其他异常细胞。减少数量多能stem cells together with defects in the remaining or abnormal immune response against them can result in aplastic anemia. This condition can evolve into myelodysplasia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria or AML in some cases.
病因
Immune mechanisms play a major role in a majority of cases. Bone marrow failure is caused by the activatedcytotoxic T cells在血液和骨髓中。由于细胞毒性药物(如链球菌和阿霉素),可能发生骨髓性性交。但是一些非胞毒性药物,例如氯霉素,黄金,卡ama唑,氯丙嗪,苯妥苷,利巴韦林,tolbutamide和NSAID,也有可能在某些个体中引起性质量。
Clinical Features
- 贫血
- Bleeding and bruising
- Infections
- 围chymoses
- 流血的牙龈和鼻鼻子
Investigations
- 血数 - 血红蛋白水平降低
- 血膜非异常细胞,网状细胞计数极低,血小板的大小很小。
Management
相位性贫血的治疗取决于根本原因。在等待骨髓恢复时,应密切注意支持治疗。支持治疗包括RBC输血,血小板输血和粒细胞输血。及时预防感染非常重要。对于40岁以下的严重性性贫血患者,选择的治疗方法是造血干细胞。
什么是白血病?
白血病可以定义为异常恶性单克隆的积累白血细胞in the bone marrow. This results in bone marrow failure, causing贫血,,,,neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Normally, the proportion of blast cells in the adult bone marrow is less than 5%. But in the leukemic bone marrow, this proportion is over 20%.
类型
There are 4 basic subtypes of leukemia as,
- 急性髓样白血病(AML)
- 急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)
- 慢性髓样白血病(AML)
- 慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)
这些疾病相对罕见,它们的年发病率为10/1000000。通常,白血病可以在任何年龄发生。但是所有这些主要在童年时期都出现,而CLL经常出现在老年人中。引起白血病的病原体包括放射线,病毒,细胞毒性剂,免疫抑制和遗传因素。可以通过检查外周血和骨髓的染色幻灯片来诊断该疾病。用于亚分类和预后,免疫表型,细胞遗传学和分子遗传学are essential.
急性白血病
The incidence ofacute leukemiaincreases with advancing age. The median age of presentation for acute myeloblastic leukemia is 65 years. Acute leukemia may arise de novo or due to prior cytotoxicchemotherapy或骨髓增生。急性淋巴细胞白血病的表现中位年龄较低。这是童年最常见的恶性肿瘤。
Clinical features of ALL
- Breathlessness and fatigue
- Bleeding and bruising
- Infections
- Headache/confusion
- Bone pain
- 肝肾上腺肿/lymphadenopathy
- Testicular enlargement
AML的临床特征
- 牙龈肥大
- 紫外的皮肤沉积
- 疲劳和呼吸困难
- Infections
- Bleeding and bruising
- 肝肾上腺肿
- Lymphadenopathy
Investigations
For Confirmation of Diagnosis
- 血细胞计平台和血红蛋白通常很低,通常会增加白细胞计数。
- Blood Film-Lineage of the disease can be identified by observing the blast cells. Auer rods can be seen in AML.
- Bone marrow aspiration-Reducederythropoiesis,减少的巨核细胞和增加的细胞性是要寻找的指标。
- Chest X-ray
- 脑脊液检查
- Coagulation profile
For Planning Therapy
- 血清尿酸尿酸乳酸盐和肝脏生物化学
- Electrocardiography/echocardiogram
- HLA type
- Check HBV status
Management
Untreated acute leukemia is usually fatal. But with palliative treatment, the lifespan can be extended. Curative treatments can sometimes be successful. Failure can be due to relapse of the disease or due to complications of the therapy or because of the nonresponsive nature of the disease. In ALL, remission induction can be done with combination chemotherapy of Vincristine. For high-risk patients, allogeneic stem cell transplantation can be performed.
慢性髓细胞性白血病
CML是骨髓增生性肿瘤家族的成员,该家族仅在成年人中出现。它是由费城染色体的存在来定义的,并且比急性白血病的进步过程更慢。
Clinical Features
- Symptomatic anemia
- 腹部不适
- 减肥
- Headache
- 瘀伤和流血
- Lymphadenopathy
Investigations
- 血液计数 - 血红蛋白低或正常。血小板低,正常或升高。WBC被提高。
- 血膜中成熟的髓样前体的存在
- Increased cellularity with increased myeloid precursors in bone marrow aspirate.
Management
CML治疗的第一线药物是伊马替尼(Glivec),它是酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。二线治疗包括羟基脲,α干扰素和同种异体干细胞移植的化学疗法。
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
CLL是主要发生在老年时的最常见白血病。它是由于小型B淋巴细胞的克隆膨胀而引起的。
Clinical Features
- 无症状淋巴细胞增多
- Lymphadenopathy
- 骨髓衰竭
- 肝肾上腺肿
- b-症状
Investigations
- 在血数中可以看到非常高的白血细胞水平
- 在血膜中可以看到污迹细胞
Management
Treatment is given to troublesome organomegaly, hemolytic episodes, and bone marrow suppression. Rituximab in combination with Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide show a dramatic response rate.
性贫血和白血病之间有什么相似之处?
- Aplastic Anemia and Leukemia are hematological conditions.
What is the Difference Between Aplastic Anemia and Leukemia?
Aplastic Anemia vs Leukemia |
|
白血病可以定义为异常恶性单克隆的积累白血细胞in the bone marrow. | 具有骨髓高细胞性(APLASIA)的全年性症可以定义为性障碍性贫血。 |
Abnormal Cells | |
血液和骨髓中都存在异常细胞。 | Abnormal cells are not found either in blood or bone marrow. |
Malignancy | |
这是一个恶性。 | This is not a malignancy. |
概括 -Aplastic Anemia vs Leukemia
白血病是异常的恶性的积累monoclonal white blood cells in the bone marrow whereas aplastic anemia is the pancytopenia with hypercellularity of the bone marrow. This is the basic difference between aplastic anemia and leukemia. Early diagnosis and treatment of both these conditions are very much important to avoid life threatening complications.
Download PDF Version of Aplastic Anemia vs Leukemia
You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation note. Please download PDF version here性贫血和白血病之间的差异。
References:
1。Kumar, Parveen J., and Michael L. Clark. Kumar & Clark clinical medicine. Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, 2009. Print.
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