Difference Between Allozyme Isozyme and Isoform

Thekey differencebetween allozyme isozyme and isoform isbased on their form. While allozymes are different forms ofenzymespresent in different genes, isozymes are variants present in differentallelesof the same gene, and isoforms are various forms ofproteinsarising from modifications.

Proteins are composed of amino acids. The Central Dogma plays an important role in the determination of the amino acid sequence. The majority of enzymes are composed of proteins and fulfil a lot of vital physiological functions. Enzymes have different variants based on the form that’s present in each species. These forms determine the species specificity of an enzyme.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Allozyme
3.What is Isozyme
4.什么是同工型
4.Similarities Between Allozyme Isozyme and Isoform
5.Side by Side Comparison – Allozyme vs Isozyme vs Isoform in Tabular Form
6.概括

什么是同酶？

同酶，也称为alloenzyme，是等位基因中存在的酶变体的一种形式。在结构上，它在其他同词中为特定基因座中存在的各种等位基因编码。同酶通常执行相同的功能。它们是由于突变（例如点突变或基因编码序列中的插入）而引起的。因此，结构差异是由于突变和DNA序列的变化所致。通过毛细管电泳观察到同酶之间的结构差异。每个同二酶具有不同的分子尺寸和电荷。同载体充当分子标记，以确定大种群中不同物种进化的历史。因此，同酶用于基因映射相关物种。

什么是同工酶？

An isozyme, also known as an isoenzyme, is a form of an enzyme variant present in alleles. Isozymes are enzymes that codes for various genes at different loci. It differs structurally as it consists of different amino acid sequences. Therefore, they show various sizes and shapes.

Isozymes catalyze the same chemical reactions under different conditions. Therefore, they metabolize biochemical pathways. Isozymes act as biochemical markers to determine relationships between species in evolution. Therefore, isozymes also help in gene mapping. Isozymes are derived through gene duplication, polyploidization, and nucleic acid hybridization.

What is an Isoform?

Isoforms, also known as protein isoforms or protein variants, is a group of similar proteins. Isoform consists of multiple proteins similar in function which have similar, but not identical, amino acid sequences. Protein isoforms usually derive through post-transcriptional modification of the same gene.

Alternative splicing and variable promoter usage are few examples of such post-transcriptional modifications. Therefore, it shows genetic differences, which results in biological diversity. Isoforms carry out similar or different functions depending on their origin. Isoform production provides a mechanism to specialize the characteristics in genes.

What are the Similarities Between Allozyme Isozyme and Isoform?

• Allozymes, isozyme and isoforms are proteins.
• They all carry out similar chemical reactions acting as biological catalysts.
• 它们都充当确定不同物种进化的标志物。

同化同工酶和同工型之间有什么区别？

Even though all three are proteins in nature, they have varied amino acid sequences. They have varied forms at the allelic levels, which make them different to one another. While allozymes and isozymes are based on enzyme differences, isoforms are related to proteins. Both isozymes and isoforms originate from a single gene, whereas allozymes originate from multiple genes. So, this is the key difference between allozyme isozyme and isoform.

The below infographic lists the differences between allozyme isozyme and isoform in tabular form.

摘要 - 同酶同工酶与同工型

同酶，同生和同工型是蛋白质。同酶和同工酶是酶变体，而同工型是一组蛋白质。这三个决定了物种内部生物多样性的遗传差异和关系。同酶，同工酶和同工型催化化学反应。因此，这总结了同化同工酶和同工型之间的差异。

Reference:

1. Gunning, Peter W, and Edna C Hardeman. “Isoforms: Fundamental Differences.” ELife, ELife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 1 Feb. 2018,Available here.
2. “Isozyme.” An Overview | ScienceDirect Topics,Available here.
3. “About: Alloenzyme.” DBPedia,Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. “Isoenzyme1” By علاء – Own work(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “DNA alternative splicing” By国家人类基因组研究所– (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia