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RNA干扰和反义寡核苷酸有什么区别

November 14, 2021发表Samanthi博士

这RNA干扰和反义寡核苷酸之间的关键区别is that RNA interference is a technique that involves sequence-specific suppression of基因表达通过双链RNA,而反义寡核苷酸是一种涉及单链DNA寡核苷酸对基因表达序列特异性抑制的技术。

Gene silencing or suppression is a way of regulating gene expression in a biological cell to prevent the expression of a specific gene. Normally, when genes are silenced, their expression is reduced. In contrast, whengenes are knocked out,它们完全从生物体的基因组中删除。因此,将没有表达。有时,基因沉默被认为与基因敲低相同。这是因为基因沉默方法,例如RNAi,反义寡核苷酸和CRISPR用于沉默基因的这些导致基因表达降低至少70%。RNA干扰和反义寡核苷酸是两种重要的基因沉默技术。

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是RNA干扰
3。什么是反义寡核苷酸
4。Similarities – RNA Interference and Antisense Oligonucleotide
5。RNA Interference vs Antisense Oligonucleotide in Tabular Form
6.Summary – RNA Interference vs Antisense Oligonucleotide

什么是RNA干扰?

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which double-stranded RNA molecules carry out sequence-specific suppression of gene expression. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the Nobel prize in 2006 in Medicine for their exceptional work on RNA interference in nematode worm:Caenorhabditis elegans。这项关于RNA干扰的开创性研究于1998年首次发表。通常,RNAi途径在包括动物在内的许多真核生物中发现。

RNA Interference vs Antisense Oligonucleotide in Tabular Form

Figure 01: RNA interference

两个中央分子,microRNA (miRNA) and small interference RNA (siRNA),参与RNAi途径。一种称为DICER的酶诱导了这一途径。DICER将长双链RNA切成短的双链片段(21个核苷酸siRNA)。然后,每个siRNA都被解开了两个单链RNA,称为乘客链和导向链。将导链降解,而导链被纳入RNA诱导的沉默复合物(RISC)。在RISC中,引导链与互补的mRNA对,触发了RISC复合物的催化成分Argonaute(AGO2)。后来,Argona裂解mRNA分子。与siRNA不同,microRNA(miRNA)靶向mRNA的3'未翻译区域,在该区域中它们与不完善的互补性结合。这阻断了mRNA访问核糖体进行翻译。

什么是反义寡核苷酸?

Antisense oligonucleotide is a technique that involves sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by a single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide. This technique is also called反义疗法。这是一种使用反义寡核苷酸(ASO)靶向信剂RNA(mRNA)的疗法。反义寡核苷酸通过使用多种机制来改变mRNA的表达,例如核糖核酸酶H介导的PRE mRNA介导的衰变,直接空间阻塞和外显子含量通过剪接位点结合对前mRNA的调节。

RNA干扰和反义DNA寡核苷酸 - 并排比较

Figure 02: Antisense Oligonucleotide

Several antisense oligonucleotides have been approved by the United States and European Union for disease treatment. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotides have already been approved as a therapy for many diseases including, Batten disease, cytomegalovirus retinitis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, familial chylomicronaemia syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia, hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, and spinal muscular atrophy.

RNA干扰和反义寡核苷酸之间有什么相似之处?

  • RNA干扰和反义寡核苷酸是两种重要的基因沉默技术。
  • Both techniques target mRNA molecules.
  • 这y are sequence-specific techniques.
  • Both techniques are used as therapies for many diseases.
  • 这y both inhibit gene expression.

RNA干扰和反义寡核苷酸有什么区别?

RNA干扰是一种涉及双链RNA对基因表达的序列特异性抑制,而反义寡核苷酸是一种涉及单链DNA寡核苷酸对基因表达序列特异性抑制的技术。So, this is the key difference between RNA interference and antisense oligonucleotide.

下面的信息图列出了RNA干扰和反义寡核苷酸的差异,以并排比较。

Summary – RNA Interference vs Antisense Oligonucleotide

基因沉默技术降低了细胞基因的表达。RNA干扰和反义寡核苷酸是两种重要的基因沉默技术。RNA干扰是一种涉及双链RNA对基因表达的序列特异性抑制,而反义寡核苷酸是一种涉及单链DNA寡核苷酸对基因表达序列特异性抑制的技术。因此,这总结了RNA干扰和反义寡核苷酸之间的差异。

参考:

1。Agrawal, Neema, et al. “RNA干扰:生物学,机制和应用。”微生物学和分子生物学评论:MMBR,美国微生物学会,2003年12月。
2. Rinaldi,Carlo和Matthew J. A. Wood。“Antisense Oligonucleotides: The next Frontier for Treatment of Neurological Disorders。”自然新闻,自然出版集团,2017年12月1日。

图片提供:

1。“RNA干扰PLOS” Marjori A. Matzke,Antonius J. M. Matzke - Matzke MA,Matzke AJM(2004)种植新范式的种子。PLOS Biol 2(5):E133 https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020133(CC由2.5)via Commons Wikimedia
2.“”反义DNA寡核苷酸Robinson R - RNAi Therapeutics:多久,多久?Robinson R PLOS生物学卷。2,第1号,e28 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020028(CC由2.5)via Commons Wikimedia

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关于作者:Samanthi博士

Samanthi博士Udayangani holds a B.Sc. Degree in Plant Science, M.Sc. in Molecular and Applied Microbiology, and PhD in Applied Microbiology. Her research interests include Bio-fertilizers, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Molecular Microbiology, Soil Fungi, and Fungal Ecology.

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