镁原子和镁离子之间有什么区别

Thekey difference between magnesium atom and magnesium ionis that magnesium atom contains 12 electrons and is a neutral chemical species, whereas magnesium ion contains 10 electrons and is a positively charged chemical species.

镁是元素元素表中的化学元素。它有12个质子来决定其原子序数。通常，在镁原子中，电子数与质子的数量相似。电离后，最外面的电子可以从原子释放到形成镁离子。镁最稳定的离子是+2中的镁离子oxidation state。

CONTENTS

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Magnesium
3.What is Magnesium Atom
4.什么是镁离子
5.镁原子与镁离子以表格形式
6.Summary – Magnesium Atom vs Magnesium Ion

What is Magnesium?

Magnesium is a chemical element having atomic number 12. The chemical symbol of this chemical element is Mg. Usually, magnesium occurs as a grey-shiny solid at room temperature. It occurs in group 2, period 3 in the periodic table. Therefore, it is ans-block element。此外,镁是一个nalkaline earth metal(group 2 chemical elements are named alkaline earth metals). The electron configuration of this metal is [Ne]3s²。

镁是一种轻巧的金属，它的熔融和沸点的值最低。这种金属也很脆，很容易与剪切带一起骨折。当与铝合金合金时，合金会变得非常延展。

什么是镁原子？

Magnesium atom is the basic structural unit of the magnesium chemical element. Since the atomic number of magnesium metal is 12, the magnesium atom must have 12 protons in its nucleus. The atomic nucleus of an atom typically contains protons having a positive electrical charge and neutrons which has no electrical charge (they are neutral particles). A magnesium atom is a neutral chemical species, so it must have 12 electrons orbiting around the atomic nucleus. This is because the 12 positive charges coming from the protons must be neutralized by 12 negative charges (which represent 12 electrons) in order to form the neutrally charged magnesium atom.

The electron configuration of the magnesium atom is [Ne]3s²。However, there are three stable isotopes of magnesium. These are the Mg-24, Mg-25, and Mg-26. Therefore, each isotope contains 12,13 and 14 neutrons in their atomic nuclei, respectively. However, the number of protons has to be the same for all isotopic forms because otherwise, the chemical element would be a different one (the number of protons determines the identity of the chemical element).

什么是镁离子?

Magnesium ion is the basic structural unit of ionic magnesium compounds. The most stable ionic form of magnesium is the Mg+2 ion. It has a +2 oxidation state. This ion forms from the removal of two electrons from the outermost s atomic orbital. However, the number of protons and neutrons are the same as before. Moreover, there can be Mg+1 ion as well, but it is very rarely found. Therefore, when we say magnesium ion, we are usually referring to the Mg+2 ion.

Magnesium ion can be found in many Mg-containing ionic compounds. It has a positive charge which makes it the cation of many simple and complex compounds such as organometallic compounds. This ion is a strongly basic ion because it forms highly basic chemical compounds.

镁原子和镁离子之间有什么区别?

Magnesium atom is the basic structural unit of the magnesium chemical element. Magnesium ion is the basic structural unit of ionic magnesium compounds. The key difference between magnesium atom and magnesium ion is that magnesium atom contains 12 electrons and it is a neutral chemical species, whereas magnesium ion contains 10 electrons and it is a positively charged chemical species.

The following infographic lists the differences between magnesium atom and magnesium ion in tabular form for side by side comparison.

Summary – Magnesium Atom vs Magnesium Ion

镁是我们在元素元素表中可以找到的化学元素。该元素在一个原子中包含12个质子和电子。镁原子和镁离子之间的关键区别在于镁原子含有12个电子，它是中性化学物种，而镁离子含有10个电子，并且是带正电荷的化学物种。

Reference:

1. Helmenstine，Anne Marie博士“Interesting Facts About Magnesium。” ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020.

Image Courtesy:

1. “12 magnesium (Mg) Bohr model” By Ahazard.sciencewriter – Own work(CC BY-SA 4.0)via Commons Wikimedia
2. “Mg2+” By NEUROtiker – Own work (Public Domain) via Commons Wikimedia