Difference Between Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park

野生动物保护区与国家公园

国家公园和野生动植物保护区是受保护的自然栖息地，该国政府根据IUCN（世界保护联盟）的规定，通过保护生态系统来保护野生动植物。限制水平在这两个类别中有所不同，但是宣布保护区的主要目标是自然的保护。因此，对于人们来说，了解国家公园和野生动物保护区之间的差异和相似之处很重要。

Wildlife Sanctuary

A wildlife sanctuary is a declared protected area, where very limited human activity is allowed. The ownership of this type of protected are could lie in the hands of either a government or in any private organization or person, provided the regulations are governed by the government. Inside a wildlife sanctuary, the hunting of animals is completely prohibited. Additionally, the trees can not be cut down for any purpose; especially the clearing of the forest for agriculture is completely banned. However, it is not physically fenced to restrict the public from entering and roaming inside a wildlife sanctuary for research, educational, inspirational, and recreational purposes. The general public could use it up to a certain extent so that the sanctuary is useful for them also. People can collect firewood, fruits, medicinal plants…etc in small scale from a wildlife sanctuary.

National Park

National park was first introduced in 1969, by the IUCN as a mean of a protected area with a definition. However, in the 19th century, some western naturalists and explorers have put forward the ideas of preserving ecosystems in order to conserve wildlife without active human interference. Additionally, those ideas have been implemented successfully despite the lack of legislation around 1830 in USA, by declaring the Hot Springs Reservation in Arkansas. A national park has a defined boundary, through which no person can get into the park without an approval. Only an approved person can enter into a national park, either via paying a visitor ticket or an approved letter from the governing body (mostly the government). The visitors can only observe the park inside a vehicle that routes through defined trails and they can not get out the vehicle for any reason unless there is an approved place for visitors. Photographs are allowed but research and educational work can only be done with a prior permission. The park can not be used for any reason viz. firewood, timber, fruits…etc. With all these regulations, the national parks are established to conserve the natural habitats of the wild fauna and flora with a minimum human interference.

Difference Between Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park

As Adrian Philips quote in the Parks journal in 2004, “the protected areas come in all sizes and shapes and with a bewildering variety of management systems, ownership and governance patterns”. The extent of the general public could interfere with the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries vary drastically. The national parks are more restricted for the people but earn money that could be managed to develop nature conservation measures. In both these protected areas, people have the access for inspirational, educational, research, and recreational purposes but, with certain limitations in national parks. However, both wildlife sanctuaries and national parks contribute significantly for the conservation of nature.

Photos By:尼古拉斯·托内利（Nicholas A. Tonelli）（CC BY 2.0），Jeff’s Canon（cc by-nd 2.0）