水痘和带状疱疹之间的差异

这关键区别between varicella and zoster is that thevaricella (or chicken pox) is the primary viral infection by the varicella zoster virus whereas the zoster (or shingles ) is the reactivation of the latent viral infection.

Firstly, Varicella zoster virus causes two main forms of diseases as varicella and zoster. Varicella is the primary infection by the varicella zoster virus. However, after the initial infection, varicella zoster virus can remain dormant in the dorsal root ganglia of sensory nerves and get reactivated whenever the person’s immunity weakens. Shingles or zoster refers to the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus in this manner. Therefore, varicella is the primary viral infection whereas zoster is the reactivation of the latent viral infection.

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Varicella
3。什么是系绳
4。Similarity Between Varicella and Zoster
5。并排比较 - 表格形式的Varicella vs Zoster
6.Summary

什么是水痘？

水痘或鸡肉痘是水痘带状疱疹病毒的主要感染。Most patients contract the disease during their childhood by the inhalation of respiratory droplets contaminated with the virus. The infectivity of the virus is highest from 2 days before the appearance of the rash to the disappearance of the skin病变。随着恢复阶段的开始，病毒在背根神经节中处于休眠状态。

Clinical Features

• 有14-21天的孵育期间出现症状。
• 最初，有宪法症状，例如发烧，头痛和不适
• 一个macular rashappears after the prodromal symptoms, which ends up as a pustular rash within few hours.
• 这severity of the illness increases with age. Young children have only mild symptoms, but in the adults, the disease can be debilitating.
• 这skin lesions usually resolve without leaving scars.

Complications

• 肺炎出现皮肤病变后约6天出现
• Bacterial infection of the skin lesions
• Intrauterine infection in pregnant women
• Disseminated infection in the immunocompromised patients

水痘的诊断通常是通过临床表现。可以进行病毒DNA研究，以鉴定在囊泡病变中的病毒的存在。

Treatment

Chickenpox in children does not require any treatment. All adult patients above the age of 16 years require antiviral therapy with acyclovir. Any patient with an immune deficiency should be treated with immunoglobulins.

什么是系绳？

初始感染后，水痘带状疱疹病毒可能在感觉神经的背根神经节中休眠。但是，每当人的免疫力削弱时都会重新激活。以这种方式重新活化的水痘带状疱疹病毒称为带状疱疹或带状疱疹。

Clinical Features

• 通常，受影响的皮肤病体有灼热的感觉或疼痛。以囊泡的存在为特征的皮疹出现在该区域中，带有遥远的鸡肉痘
• 有时可能存在没有任何相关皮肤病表现的感觉异常
• 多种皮肤的参与，严重的疾病和症状的持续时间长时间表明诸如HIV等免疫缺陷。

通常，病毒的重新激活通常会影响胸皮肤皮肤。当三叉神经的眼科分裂中病毒重新激活时，可以出现囊泡。这些囊泡会破裂，导致角膜溃疡，这需要眼科医生立即注意避免失明。

Reactivation of the viruses in the geniculate ganglion can cause the Ramsay Hunt syndrome, which has the following hallmark features.

• 面瘫
• 同侧失去口味
• Buccal ulceration
• 一个rash in the external auditory canal

当涉及s骨神经根时，可能会出现膀胱和肠功能障碍。

Other Rare Manifestations

• Cranial nerve palsies
• 骨髓炎
• 脑炎
• Granulomatous cerebral angiitis

可以有postherpetic神经痛疼痛。病人就医时最多的主诉ts for about six months after the reactivation. The incidence of postherpetic neuralgia increases with advanced age.

Management

• 用阿昔洛韦治疗可用于最大程度地减少疼痛
• 强的镇痛药和其他药物（例如阿米替林）有助于缓解因胸前神经痛引起的疼痛。

Varicella和带状疱疹之间的相似性是什么？

• 两种疾病都是由水痘带状疱疹引起的。

What is the Difference Between Varicella and Zoster?

水痘是水痘带状疱疹病毒的主要感染。然而，在初次感染后，水痘带状疱疹病毒可能在感觉神经的背根神经节中处于休眠状态，并且每当人的免疫力削弱时都会重新激活。因此，带状疱疹是指以这种方式重新激活的水痘带状疱疹病毒。这是水痘和带状疱疹之间的主要区别。

这re is an incubation period of 14-21days in varicella after which the symptoms appear. Initially, there are constitutional symptoms such as fever, headache, and malaise. Then, a macular rash appears after these prodromal symptoms, which ends up as a pustular rash within few hours. Moreover, the skin lesions usually resolve without leaving scars. Most importantly, the severity of the illness increases with age. In zoster, there is usually a burning sensation or a pain in the affected dermatome. A rash characterized by the presence of vesicles appears in this region with distant chicken pox-like lesions. Furthermore, multi dermatomal involvement, severe disease and prolonged duration of the symptoms suggest underlying immune deficiencies such as HIV.

Chickenpox/varicella in children does not require any treatment in the immune competent patients. All adult patients above the age of 16 years require antiviral therapy with acyclovir. Any patient with an immune deficiency should be treated with immunoglobulins. However, in zoster, treatment with acyclovir can be useful in minimizing the pain. Furthermore, strong analgesic agents and other drugs such as amitriptyline can relieve the pain due to postherpetic neuralgia.

摘要 - Vericella vs Zoster

水痘或鸡肉痘是水痘带状疱疹病毒的主要感染。初次感染后，水痘带状疱疹病毒可能在感觉神经的背根神经节中休眠，并且每当人的免疫力削弱时都会重新激活。以这种方式重新活化的水痘带状疱疹病毒称为带状疱疹或带状疱疹。因此，水素是水痘带状疱疹病毒的主要感染，带状疱疹是潜在病毒感染的重新激活。这是水痘和带状疱疹之间最明显的区别。

参考：

1。Kumar, Parveen J., and Michael L. Clark. Kumar & Clark clinical medicine. Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, 2009.

图片提供：

1。“Day05 shingles or Herpes Zoster Virus attacking forehead and eye” By Burntfingers – Own work（CC BY-SA 4.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2。“Varicella” by Noj Han（CC BY-SA 2.0）通过Flickr