心理学测试和实验之间的差异

Key Difference – Test vs Experiment in Psychology

In psychology, various tests and experiments are conducted by psychologists and there exists some difference between test and experiment in the context of psychology. For most of us, tests and experiments all sound quite similar, they all seem to test or examine a phenomenon. Although this assumption is quite valid, within the discipline of psychology, tests and experiments are usually distinguished. Atest is used to comprehend the psychological makeup of an individual。Anexperiment refers to an investigation in which the validity of a hypothesis is tested in a scientific manner。这重点是key differencebetween test and experiment is that whileexperiments use hypothesis and produce new knowledge,测试没有。They merely assist the psychologist in the application. Through this article let us examine these differences between test and experiment in detail.

What is a Test?

A test or a psychological testused by apsychologistor acounselorto comprehend the psychological makeup of an individual。By conducting a test, the psychologist can comprehend and calculate certain attributes of the individual. Let us take an example. A psychologist gives the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for an individual to test his personality. In this instance, the psychologist is analyzing the性格of the individual through a psychological test.

In psychology, a number of tests can be used to gain a better understanding of different aspects of the individual. Some of the areas that can be tested are humantraits,mental disorders,cognitive能力，智力，attitudes，成就和专业利益。例如，斯坦福大学智能量表用于评估个人的智能，而墨迹测试可用于评估人格。

However, it is important to highlight that there may be exceptions to the accuracy of the tests. In some situations although the test may suggest a particular condition based on the answers of the individual, these may not, in fact, relate to the true condition. This is why most psychologists tend to use more than one test before arriving at a diagnosis.

什么是实验？

经验值eriments are widely used in psychology as one of the most primary methods of inquiry. An experiment refers toan investigation in which the validity of a假设is tested in a scientific manner。进行实验的心理学家使用各种变量进行实验。主要有两种类型的变量。他们是dependent variable and the independent variable。Usually the psychologist manipulates the independent variable, in relation to which the dependent variable also reacts. Through this, the cause and effect are studied.

When speaking of experiments, most people assume that these are confined to the laboratory. Although there is a category known as the laboratory experiment in which the study is conducted in a very controlled environment, there are other experiments as well. These are known as natural experiments in which the variables are merely observed rather than controlled.

What is the difference between Test and Experiment in psychology?

测试和实验的定义：

Test:A test or a psychological test used by a psychologist or a counselor in order to comprehend the psychological makeup of an individual.

经验值eriment:An experiment refers to an investigation in which the validity of a hypothesis is tested in a scientific manner.

Characteristics of Test and Experiment:

假设：

Test:There are no hypotheses.

经验值eriment:Most experiments require hypotheses.

New knowledge:

Test:Tests do not produce new knowledge but can be used to assist people and also to support experiments.

经验值eriment:经验值eriments lead to new knowledge.

Centre:

Test:Tests centre on the individual’s psychological construct.

经验值eriment:经验值eriments can go beyond a single individual.

Image Courtesy:

1.“”Rorschach印迹01” by Hermann Rorschach (died 1922) [Public Domain] via Commons

2. “Skinner Box计划01” by Andreas1 – Adapted from Image:Boite skinner.jpg. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons