这关键区别在短跑运动员和马拉松比赛之间is that a sprinter’s body is prepared for speed and power, whereas a marathon runner’s body is made for long, slowendurance。
短跑运动员主要关注力量和速度和使用fast-twitch muscles。Marathon runners focus on stamina and endurance and useslow-twitch muscles。根据这些要求,他们的培训练习也有所不同。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。谁是短跑运动员
3。谁是马拉松选手
4。Sprinter vs Marathon Runner in Tabular Form
6.摘要 - 短跑运动员与马拉松赛跑者
谁是短跑选手?
短跑运动员是一个短距离的跑步者。为耐力,爆炸能力和敏捷性训练了一名短跑选手。短跑运动员肌肉发达,几乎不需要最大氧气消耗,因为它们的运行速度很快。他们有快速的肌肉纤维。这些肌肉会产生快速疲劳的快速收缩。
Sprinters are usually trained with both free weights and bodyweight plyometric exercises, which are compound movements that create speed and power. Therefore, their training focuses on improving fast-twitch muscle fibres and phosphagen systems by developing power, speed and strength. They usually use the phosphagen system, which is generally used in high-powered activities that lasts for less than 10 seconds. Moreover, they use a糖酵解系统in the middle-distance sprints such as the 400 meters. This glycolytic system is used in moderate intensities that usually lasts for several minutes.
高强度期间短跑运动员的心率可能是最大最大的80%-90%。这只能在短时间内维持。短跑运动员还必须练习他们对起跑枪的反应的速度,因为他们应该在比赛中保持竞争力更好。在这些种族中,即使是一秒钟也很重要。有各种各样的练习,例如通过听教练的信号来往返绳索梯子。也有一些练习来改善步步速度的长度,身体姿势和手臂运动。
在比赛中,短跑选手需要尽可能高,以损害他们的平衡。通常,短跑运动员训练上身与下半身平衡。短跑运动员的营养摄入量通常取决于他们的身体,食物的类型以及其身体反应的训练模式。在比赛当天,所采用的营养应能够减少胃肠道遇险和脱水,并最大程度地发挥肌肉功能。短跑运动员通常需要服用更多蛋白质。因此,鸡蛋,肉,鱼,豆类,坚果和乳制品等食物最适合它们。
谁是马拉松比赛?
马拉松赛跑者是一名长途赛跑者。马拉松运动员接受了耐力的训练,例如他们的肌肉可以容忍的时间aerobic energy production(也称为乳酸阈值)。这best way to develop this is to run at their current threshold for about an hour. It helps the body to adapt to having higher lactate levels in the blood and muscles. The lactate threshold gets increased as the body gets accustomed to the increased production of lactic acid. They train their slow-twitch fibres to provide them with more energy, which will usually last for about 42km. Slow-twitch muscles are slow oxidative fibres that create slow muscle contractions, and they are highly resistant to fatigue.
马拉松运动员通常使用氧化系统,该系统通常用于持续数分钟的低强度练习,而糖酵解系统则用于中等强度的活动,其余的持续数分钟。该比例为95%-5%。他们的目标是发展耐力,肌肉耐力和心肺健康。他们的心率通常在最大60-70%之间。但是,有了经验丰富的马拉松赛跑者,最多可以在70-80%之间。
马拉松运动员需要节省能量,直到他们结束比赛。为此,有不同的训练,例如长时间的间隔,结合山丘和详尽的距离。遵循这些方法帮助他们的身体通过在种族中使用最有效的肌肉纤维组合来学习如何节省能量。跑步者还会训练如果能量用完,进行调整。马拉松运动员在饮食中需要更多的碳水化合物和脂肪,尤其是比赛前36-48小时。这有助于他们获得更多的能量。此外,服用均衡饮食对他们来说很重要,其中包括全谷物,蔬菜,水果和瘦蛋白质。
短跑选手和马拉松选手有什么区别?
A sprinter is a short distance runner, while a marathon runner is a long-distance runner. The key difference between sprinter and marathon runner is that a sprinter’s body is prepared for speed and power while a marathon runner’s body is trained for long, slow endurance.
以下信息图列出了Sprinter和Marathon Runner以表格形式进行并排比较的差异。
摘要 - 短跑运动员与马拉松赛跑者
A sprinter finishes the race quickly since they are short distance competitions, which are 400 metres or less. They should focus on technique. Speed is very important in such races. A marathon runner focuses on endurance since they should retain their energy for a longer time. They should also practice stamina, and cardiorespiratory fitness since their races are about 42 kilometres in distance. Thus, this is the key difference between sprinters and marathon runner.
参考:
1。“Sprint (Running)。”Wikipedia,维基梅迪亚基金会,2021年8月4日。
图片提供:
1。“Running, extra, mile, man, yellow, tank, top, black”(CC0)通过piqsels
2.“”种族马拉松赛跑者灰色跑步灰色跑步” (CC0) via Max Pixel
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