Difference Between Semiconductor and Superconductor

Thekey difference在半导体和超导体之间semiconductors have an electrical conductivity that is between theconductivity的a conductor and an insulatorwhereas superconductors have an electrical conductivity that is higher than that of the conductor.

An electrical conductor is a type of substance that allows the electrical current to flow through it. Semiconductors and superconductors are two types of electrical conductors. They are different from each other according to their conductivity.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是半导体
3.What is a Superconductor
4.并排比较 - 半导体与表格形式的超导体
5.概括

什么是半导体？

A semiconductor is a type of conductor which has a conductivity value between the values of an insulator and a conductor. That means; the electrical conductivity of a semiconductor is moderate to that of a conductor. These are usually crystalline solids that have applications in various fields such as the production of二极管,晶体管、集成d circuits, etc. Generally, the conductivity of a semiconductor is sensitive to the temperature illuminations, magnetic fields, impurities in the semiconductor material, etc.

我们可以在周期表中观察到一些元素半导体材料。这些元素包括硅（SI），锗（GE），锡（SN），硒（SE）和Tellurium（TE）。此外，可以有各种不同的半导体，其中包含两个或多个化学元件组合。例如，砷耐加仑含凝胶和砷。但是，纯硅是电工中最常见的半导体，它是产生综合电路的最重要元素。

Generally, semiconductors are single crystals. Their atoms are arranged in a 3D pattern. When considering a silicon crystal, each silicon atom is surrounded by four other silicon atoms. These atoms have covalent chemical bonds between them. The energy gap between the conduction band and valence band of a silicon crystal is called the band gap. For semiconductors, the band gap is usually between 0.25 to 2.5 eV.

What is a Superconductor?

Superconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity value above the conductivity value of a conductor. It can be a chemical element or a compound that dramatically loses its electrical resistance when cooled below a certain temperature. Therefore, a superconductor allows the flow of electrical energy without any energy loss. This energy flow is called supercurrent. However, it is very difficult to produce superconductors. The temperature at which these materials lose their electrical resistance is called the critical temperature or Tc. All the materials we know cannot turn into superconductors below this temperature. Materials having a Tc of their own can turn into superconductors.

There are two types of superconductors as type I and type II. The type I superconductor materials are conductors at room temperature and become superconductors when cooled below their Tc. Type II materials are not good conductors at room temperature. They gradually transform into superconductors upon cooling. The band gap of superconductors is usually above 2.5eV.

What is the Difference Between Semiconductor and Superconductor?

半导体和超导体之间的关键区别在于，半导体具有电导率，这是导体的电导率和绝缘体的电导率，而超导体具有高于导体的电导率。此外，半导体的带隙在0.25和2.5 eV之间，而超导体的带隙高于2.5 eV。

Below is a summary of the difference between semiconductor and superconductor.

摘要 - 半导体与超导体

Semiconductors and superconductors are two types of electrical conductors. They are different from each other according to their conductivity. The key difference between semiconductor and superconductor is that semiconductors have an electrical conductivity that is between the conductivity of a conductor and an insulator whereas superconductors have an electrical conductivity that is higher than that of the conductor.

Reference:

1.“半导体”。百科全书大不列颠, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 25 Jan. 2019,Available here.
2. “Semiconductor.”维基百科，Wikimedia基金会，2020年5月5日，Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1.“”硅” By Jurii –(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Levitating superconductor” By Julian Litzel (Jullit31) – Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia