Difference Between Electrical and Thermal Conductivity

Electrical vs Thermal Conductivity

导热率和电导率是物质的两个非常重要的物理特性。材料的热导率描述了材料可以导致热能的速度。材料的电导率描述了由于给定的电势差而发生的电流。这两种属性都具有很好的特征，并且在发电和传输，电气工程，电子，热力学和热量等领域都有大量应用。在本文中，我们将讨论哪种导热率和电导率是什么，它们的定义，导热率和电导率之间的相似性，它们的应用以及最终导热率和电导率之间的差异。

Electrical Conductivity

组件的阻力取决于不同的parameters. The length of the conductor, the area of the conductor, and the material of the conductor are to name some. The conductivity of a material can be defined as the conductance of a block having unit dimensions made out of the material. The conductivity of a material is the inverse of the resistivity. Conductivity is usually denoted by the Greek letter σ. The SI unit of conductivity is siemens per meter. It must be noted that conductivity is specifically a property of the material at a given temperature. The conductivity is also known as specific conductance. The conductance of a component is equal to the conductivity of the material multiplied by area of the material divided by the length of the material. When conducting electricity, the electrons inside the material move from a higher potential to a lower potential. The conductance of a component can also be defined as the current generated per unit voltage difference. The conductance is a property of the object whereas electrical conductivity is a property of the material.

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct thermal energy. The thermal conductivity is a property of the material. The thermal conductance is a property of the object. The most important law behind thermal conductivity is the heat flow equation. This equation states that the rate of heat flow through a given object is proportional to the area of cross section of the object and the temperature gradient. In a mathematical form, this can be written as dH/dt = kA(∆T)/l, where k is the thermal conductivity, A is the cross area, ∆T is the temperature difference between the two ends and l is the length of the object. ∆T/l can be termed as temperature gradient. The thermal conductivity is measured in watt per kelvin per meter.

导热率和电导率之间有什么区别？ • In thermal conduction, the heat is transferred by the oscillation of atoms inside the material. In electrical conduction, the electrons themselves move in order to create the current. • Most of the thermal conductors are good electrical conductors.Both thermal conductivity and the electrical conductivity depend on the material. • In thermal conductivity, energy is transferred but in electrical conductivity electrons are transferred.