点突变和染色体突变之间的差异

这关键区别在点突变和染色体突变之间point mutation is a small scale mutation in which a single base pair of the DNA or RNA sequence changes while chromosomal mutation is a large scale mutation in which the structure of the chromosome changes.

A mutation is an alteration or a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA. Mutations are the main cause of genetic variability among the organisms. Mutations occur in体细胞以及生殖线细胞。一些突变是下一代继承的，而另一些则是无关的。体细胞突变会影响当前的生物，而种系突变则传播到下一代。点突变和染色体突变是两种常见的突变类型。点突变是由于单个碱基对变化而产生的最简单的突变类型。另一方面，染色体突变是有机体中染色体的结构或数量变化的大规模变化。

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。What is a Point Mutation
3。什么是染色体突变
4。点突变和染色体突变之间的相似性
5。Side by Side Comparison – Point Mutation vs Chromosomal Mutation in Tabular Form
6.Summary

What is a Point Mutation?

点突变是DNA或RNA序列中单个核苷酸的改变。由于在核酸中改变，插入或删除单个碱基对而发生的可能发生。大多数点突变是由于DNA复制过程中的误差而发生的。此外，由于其他一些原因，例如暴露于紫外线或X射线以及致癌化学物质，也可以进行点突变。

有两种类型的点突变为transition mutationsand横向突变。在过渡突变过程中，将嘧啶碱取代代替另一个嘧啶碱或嘌呤碱代替另一个嘌呤碱。在横向突变过程中，将嘌呤碱代替嘧啶碱，反之亦然。

此外，根据最终产品的效果，可以将点突变进一步分组为无声突变，missense mutations,and废话突变。Silent mutations result in functionally same amino acids at the end while missense mutations result in functionally different amino acids. Thus, the resultant protein in missense mutation may show alteration or loss of function accordingly. Nonsense mutations cause premature protein synthesis which leads to the complete loss of protein function. Point mutations can cause several diseases including cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, etc.

什么是染色体突变?

染色体突变是一种大规模突变。它改变染色体的结构或染色体组中的染色体总数。此外，这种突变是由于重复，易位，倒置或部分染色体的删除而发生的，这也是由于细胞分裂过程（例如越过和非分离）的错误。

染色体突变会导致基因失衡以及其他染色体中有害等位基因的揭露。因此，与点突变相比，染色体突变的影响很高。由于染色体突变发生在染色体的一部分中，因此可以包括许多基因。因此，染色体突变影响的大小极高。KlineFelter综合征，Turner综合征和唐氏综合症是由于染色体突变引起的几种综合征。

点突变和染色体突变之间有什么相似之处？

• Point mutation and chromosomal mutation are two types of genetic mutations occurring in living organisms.
• In both cases, the nucleotide sequences are altered.
• Thus, both types of mutations can cause lethal diseases.

点突变和染色体突变有什么区别？

Point mutation is a single nucleotide change that occurs in a DNA or RNA sequence while chromosomal mutation is a structural or numerical change in chromosomes. Thus, this is the key difference between point mutation and chromosomal mutation. In point mutation, changes occur in a single base pair. But in chromosomal mutation, changes occur in a part of a chromosome or the total number of chromosomes in a chromosome set. Therefore, this is also a significant difference between point mutation and chromosomal mutation.

此外,进一步区别mutat点ion and chromosomal mutation is the impact of the mutation. The impact of a point mutation is comparatively low while it is high in chromosomal mutation. Also, the point mutations are caused due to insertions, deletions, changes, etc, while chromosomal mutations are caused due to duplication, translocation, inversions, deletion, non-disjunction of chromosomes, crossing over, etc. Therefore, this is a major difference between point mutation and chromosomal mutation. Sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease, and cancers are some of the diseases that occur due to point mutations. On the other hand, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Down syndrome are some syndromes that occur due to chromosomal mutations.

Summary – Point Mutation vs Chromosomal Mutation

点突变是指DNA或RNA序列中的单个碱基对改变。这是一个小规模的突变。而染色体突变是指生物体染色体的结构或数值变化。这是一个大规模的突变。染色体突变的影响很高，因为染色体的改变片段可能包括几个或多个基因。点突变是由于变化，插入或缺失引起的。另一方面，由于重复，易位，倒置，缺失，染色体的非分离，交叉等，可能会发生染色体突变。因此，这是点突变和染色体突变之间差异的摘要。

参考：

1。“Point Mutation.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 4 Feb. 2014,在这里可用。
2.“遗传突变”。自然新闻，自然出版集团，在这里可用。

图片提供：

1. jonsta247的“点突变 - en” - 自己的作品（CC BY-SA 4.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2.Gyassinemrabettalk✉this-nis w3c未指定的矢量图像是用inkscape创建的。- 根据Chromosomenmunten.png（公共领域）的工作下议院维基梅迪亚