关键区别 - 国民收入与可支配收入
National income and disposable income are two key economic measures used to measure the economic prosperity. The key difference between national income and disposable income is that国民收入is the total value of the total output of a country including all goods and services produced in one yearwhereas可支配收入是家庭或个人可用于支出，投资和储蓄目的的净收入量income taxesare paid。重要的是要清楚区分这两个术语，因为它们彼此之间存在很大不同。
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is National Income
3.What is Disposable Income
4.Side by Side Comparison – National Income vs Disposable Income in Tabular Form
5.概括
什么是国民收入？
National income is referred to as the total value of the output of a country including allgoods and servicesproduced in one year. The economic value of a country is expressed in terms of national income and national expenditure, which is also identical to what is produced as national output.
How to Calculate the National Income
以下三种方法用于计算国民收入。
收入法
This adds up all incomes received by the production of goods and services in the economy during a year. Wages and salaries from employment and self-employment, profits from companies, interest to lenders of capital, and rents to landowners are included under this method.
Output Method
输出方法结合了经济的所有部门（主要，次要和第三纪）（包括农业，制造业和服务行业）产生的总产量的价值。国内生产总值(GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP)are key indicators used to measure economic performance of a country or region and to make international comparisons.
国内生产总值(GDP)
国内生产总值是一段时间内（季度或每年）生产的所有商品和服务的货币价值。在GDP中，根据生产的地理位置测量输出
The below chart shows the largest GDPs of the world in 2016 by country or region (according to data of International monetary fund).
图1：世界上最高的GDP
Gross National Product (GNP)
国民生产总值是一个国家公民每季度或每年生产的所有产品和服务的市场价值。与GDP不同，GNP表示基于所有权的位置分配的生产。
支出法
Expenditure method aggregates all spending in the economy by households and firms to purchase goods and services.
What is Disposable Income?
可支配收入称为支付所得税后的支出，投资和储蓄目的的个人或家庭可用的净收入金额。可以通过扣除来计算income taxes从收入。
例如。一个家庭的收入为35万美元，税率为30％。家庭的可支配收入为$ 245,000（$ 350,000 - （$ 350,000* 30％））。这意味着家庭有24.5万美元用于支出，投资和储蓄目的。
个人和家庭消耗食物，庇护所，运输，医疗保健和休闲等必需品，同时也节省一部分或资金。他们还开展投资活动以赚取回报。
The national income calculated in above ways does not take into account the effects of taxation. When the disposable income for all the individuals or households is aggregated, the national disposable income for a country or region can be calculated. Since this amount is an absolute measure, it cannot be used to compare disposable income among countries. For this reason, ‘Disposable income per capita’ is calculated for a country by adding the collective income of all individuals of the country less taxes and dividing the sum by the country’s population.
可支配收入人均收入=总可支配收入 /总人口
下面的图显示了一次性我ncome per capita figures for the top five countries in 2016, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
Figure 2: Highest disposable income pNer country
国民收入和可支配收入有什么区别？
National Income vs Disposable Income |
|
| 国民收入称为一个国家的总产出的总价值，包括一年内生产的所有商品和服务。 | 可支配收入称为缴纳所得税后的支出，投资和储蓄目的的可用净收入量。 |
| 测量 | |
| 国民收入可以通过收入方法，产出方法和支出方法来衡量。 | Disposable income is measured by deducting the tax payment from earnings. |
| Taxation | |
| National income does not consider the effects of taxation. | Disposable income is arrived at after adjusting for taxation. |
概括– National Income vs Disposable Income
国民收入和可支配收入之间的差异是一个独特的收入，其中商品和服务的总价值是通过国民收入来衡量的，而个人和家庭可用的净收入金额由可支配收入来衡量。
由于这是一个重要的经济指标，各国一直在不断尝试增加或维持所需水平的国民收入和可支配收入。在一个国民收入很高的国家中，可支配收入通常也保持较高水平。
Download PDF Version of National Income vs Disposable Income
You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation notes. Please download PDF version hereDifference Between National Income and Disposable Income
Reference:
1. “Economics Online.” National income. N.p., n.d. Web.Available here.31 May 2017.
2. “List of countries by GDP (nominal).” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 27 May 2017. Web.Available here.31 May 2017.
3. “Disposable Income.” Investopedia. N.p., 05 Nov. 2014. Web.Available here。31 May 2017.
Sebastian, Andrew. “5 Countries With the Most Money Per Capita.” Investopedia. N.p., 12 Sept. 2016. Web.Available here.31 May 2017.
发表评论