Max Weber和Durkheim之间的区别|比较类似术语之间的差异

关键区别 - 马克斯·韦伯和涂尔干

在马克斯·韦伯（Max Weber）和涂尔干（Durkheim）之间，可以在经典社会学理论中与其理论地位相关的一些差异。在社会学，涂尔干，韦伯和Marx被认为是圣三位一体。这突出了这些社会学家对理解社会的贡献的重要性。这关键区别韦伯和涂尔干之间的理论观点源于他们的理论观点。韦伯遵循社会行动要不然interpretive perspective,与众不同涂尔干，谁belonged to thefunctionalist perspective。Through this article let us examine the differences between Weber and Durkheim.

谁是麦克斯·韦伯？

麦克斯·韦伯（Max Weber）是一位德国社会学家，出生于1864年。与功能主义者和冲突理论家，韦伯以不同的方式对社会学的纪律进行了处理。他谈到了一个名为“社会行动”的概念。他暗示社会中的人们对自己的行为具有不同的含义。为了理解社会，应该关注这些社会行为。韦伯谈到了两种类型的理解，可以通过研究社会行动来获得。他们的观察性理解是指个人通过观察和解释性理解所获得的理解，人们必须关注理解含义的动机。

Other than these, Weber also spoke of the relationship that existed between资本主义和新教宗教在“新教道德与资本主义精神”一书中。他强调说，在实践新教宗教的国家中，资本主义也可见。通过他的书，他解释了宗教如何创造一种注定要去天堂的意识形态，以及这与资本主义的成长如何联系在一起。

他还谈到了官僚主义和权威。Weber expressed that bureaucracy was a key characteristic the modern society because this is seen in all institutions in the industrial society. He explained that it was not only a system of control but also a chain of command where an organizational hierarchy was created. He explained the key features of an ideal bureaucratic system where things would take place in an efficient manner. Weber also spoke of three types of leadership权威即传统权威，超凡魅力的权威和合理的法律权威。他强调说，在现代社会中，最明显的是理性法律权威。

谁是涂尔干？

Emilie Durkheim was a French sociologist born in 1858. He is also considered as a founder of sociology. Similar to Weber, Durkheim also spoke on a number of topics such as religion, society, social facts, consensus, suicide, etc. However, his approach to sociology was different from Weber. One of the key concepts of Durkheim is ‘social facts’. According to him, these refer to institutions, culture, beliefs, etc. which are external to the individual yet have the power to influence him. He pointed out that the main function of the sociologist should be the study of social facts.

He also studied the division of labor in his book ‘The division of labor in society’. Through this, he introduced two concepts called the mechanic and organic solidarity. He explained that mechanic solidarity existed in pre-industrial societies where there is more同质性。People were engaged in similar activities and shared beliefs. However in the industrial society, organic solidarity can be noticed since the differences among people are highlighted in this society.

涂尔干在他的书《宗教生活的基本形式》中还谈到了宗教，他谈到了神圣的，亵渎和图腾主义。当谈到涂尔干时，他对自杀的研究也非常重要，因为他通过此创造了自杀类型利己主义，无私，anomic和宿命论suicide.这突出显示了这两个社会学家之间可以确定差异。