Difference Between Immunosuppression and Immunodeficiency

Thekey differencebetween immunosuppression and immunodeficiency is thatimmunosuppression refers to the reduction of the efficiency of theimmune system, while immunodeficiency refers to the inability of the immune system to fight against infectious agents.

The immune system detects a wide array of infectious agents entering our body and protects us from diseases. Therefore, it is the defence system in our body. It comprises of different types of immune cells. Immune system functions via two subsystems:先天免疫系统和adaptive immune system。在健康的个体中，免疫系统正常工作，并且可以防止疾病的发生。但是，当免疫系统中存在疾病时，它不会积极起作用。免疫缺陷是一种条件，在这种情况下，免疫系统与疾病作斗争的能力变得较低或没有；免疫抑制是与免疫系统相关的另一个条件，在该系统中，免疫系统的效率降低了。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Immunosuppression
3.What is Immunodeficiency
4.Similarities Between Immunosuppression and Immunodeficiency
5.并排比较 - 免疫抑制与表格形式的免疫缺陷
6.概括

What is Immunosuppression?

Immunosuppression refers to the reduced efficiency of the immune system to fight against diseases. Immunosuppression can be created, or it can occur naturally. Some parts of the immune system can generate an immunosuppressive effect on the immune system due to adverse reactions to certain treatments. Therefore, the immune system stops its responses toantigensin the immunosuppression state. For example, in patients who have undergone organ transplantation, it is necessary to suppress the immune system in order to prevent the rejection of the transplanted organ. Therefore, these patients are given immunosuppressive drugs.

In addition, chemotherapy, corticosteroid usage, excessive use of certain medicines, hormonal therapy, infections of specific viruses and mutations in regulatory functions of the immune system are some factors causing immunosuppression in people.

什么是免疫缺陷？

Immunodeficiency refers to the inability of the immune system to defend the body against the diseases. Therefore, a person with immunodeficiency has a weakened immune system. The immune system of such people cannot function against infectious agents entering into the body. Thus, these people are prone to get diseases easily.

Immunodeficiency arises mainly due to immunodeficiency disorders. They can be congenital or acquired. Congenital disorders such as chronic granulomatous disease occur at birth while acquired disorders come later in life due to extrinsic factors. Acquired immunodeficiency disorders are more common than congenital disorders. They can occur due to HIV-AIDS, agammaglobulinemia, extremes of age, cancers, environmental factors, obesity, alcoholism, as well as some nutrition deprived states.

免疫抑制和免疫缺陷之间有什么相似之处？

• Both immunosuppression and immunodeficiency make the immune system weak.
• 因此，我们的身体失去了两次与疾病作斗争的能力。
• Both states can arise due to cancers.

What is the Difference Between Immunosuppression and Immunodeficiency?

Immunosuppression is the reduction of the activation or efficiency of the immune system, while immunodeficiency is the inability of the immune system to fight against diseases. Thus, this is the key difference between immunosuppression and immunodeficiency. Furthermore, immunosuppression is deliberately induced, or natural while immunodeficiency may be due to congenital or acquired disorders. Another important difference between immunosuppression and immunodeficiency is that immunosuppression creates both beneficial and adverse effects while immunodeficiency always creates adverse effects.

概括– Immunosuppression vs Immunodeficiency

免疫抑制是免疫系统对疾病作用的效率降低。相反，免疫缺陷是免疫系统抵抗疾病的能力的降低。在这两种情况下，免疫系统都会削弱。它无法捍卫我们的身体免受抗原的侵害。免疫抑制会产生有益的作用和不利影响，但免疫缺陷总是会产生不利影响。这总结了免疫抑制和免疫缺陷之间的差异。

Reference:

1.“Immune System.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Aug. 2019,Available here。
2.Carey, Elea. “Immunodeficiency Disorders: Types, Symptoms, and Diagnosis.” Healthline, Healthline Media, 11 May 2019,Available here。

Image Courtesy:

1. “Polyomavirus” By Nephron – Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.“人类免疫缺陷病毒、逆转录病毒”(CC0) viaPixino