分层和整个基因组shot弹枪测序之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween hierarchical and whole genome shotgun sequencing is that在层次shot弹枪测序中，基因组在测序前分为较大的片段，而在整个基因组shot弹枪测序中，整个基因组被分成小片段以进行测序。

Sequencing is an important technique in molecular processes, especially in the accurate identification of species. In fact, it is the technique of identifying the precise order of核苷酸in a gene or a genome. There are many techniques for sequencing. Some of these includeMaxam Gilbert方法，Sanger方法和自动化的Sanger方法。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是分层shot弹枪测序
3.什么是整个基因组shot弹枪测序
4.Similarities Between Hierarchical and Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing
5。Side by Side Comparison – Hierarchical vs Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是层次shot弹枪测序？

Hierarchical Shotgun sequencing is one method of sequencing. It is also called ‘top-down sequencing’. Further, this method consists of two steps: the first step is genome amplification, and the second step is genome fragmentation. In this method, the genome is sheared into large fragments first. It is followed by the cloning of these large fragments into various hosts using vectors or artificial chromosomes. Then, these recombinant vectors are arranged into a library. During the shotgun sequencing, the recombinant vector clones undergo sequencing individually. The fragments in the clones undergo restriction digestion to further reduce the size of the genome, thereby undergoing sequencing.

Figure 01: Hierarchical Shotgun Sequencing

During hierarchical shotgun sequencing, the large chunks of fragments have to be arranged in order, prior to the shotgun sequencing. It takes place with the aid of the molecular markers that are incorporated during thecloningprocess.

分层shot弹枪测序创建一个低分辨率的基因图。但是它创建了有序的序列图。因此，比直接测序需要更长的持续时间。由于创建重组矢量库而导致的整个过程延迟。这也是一种劳动密集型技术。但是，目前，该技术是自动化的，可以简化工作。

整个基因组shot弹枪测序是什么？

Whole genome shotgun sequencing is a single step sequencing process. In this process, the whole genome shearing takes place first. Following this, each of these small fragments undergoes sequencing randomly. Upon completion of the sequencing, the sequences analysis takes place. During sequence analysis, the overlapping sequences are removed, and the analysis is not an ordered process. Therefore, the assembly of sequences is a less efficient process in comparison to hierarchical shotgun sequencing. However, the process of whole genome shotgun sequencing is more rapid, and the analysis of the whole genome can take place at a single instance.

What are the Similarities Between Hierarchical and Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing?

分层和整个基因组shot弹枪测序是两种测序方法。
均接受Sanger测序或自动化的Sanger测序方法。
They are involved in sequencing DNA and RNA fragments.
Moreover, both methods are important in molecular diagnostics and research purposes.
At present, both techniques are automated or computer-based.
两种技术都依赖于基因组的破碎化。

What is the Difference Between Hierarchical and Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing?

Hierarchical shotgun sequencing generates larger sized fragments in comparison to whole-genome shotgun sequencing, which works with small fragments of sequences. So, this is the key difference between hierarchical and whole genome shotgun sequencing. Besides, the hierarchical shotgun sequencing consists of two major steps, while the whole-genome shotgun sequencing relies on one major step.

此外，分层和整个基因组shot弹枪测序之间的另一个区别是，与层次shot弹枪测序相比，整个基因组shot弹枪测序的分辨率更高。

以下信息图总结了分层和整个基因组shot弹枪测序之间的差异。

摘要 - 分层与整个基因组shot弹枪测序

Hierarchical and whole-genome shotgun sequencing are two techniques to sequence large genomes. The hierarchical shotgun sequence is a two-step process of sequencing where the genome is broken into larger fragments. In contrast, the whole-genome shotgun sequencing is a single step sequencing where the genome is broken into small fragments and directly sequenced. Thus, this is the key difference between hierarchical and whole genome shotgun sequencing. Moreover, the technical aspects may vary among the two techniques.

Reference:

1. Waterston, Robert H, et al. “On the Sequencing of the Human Genome.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, The National Academy of Sciences, 19 Mar. 2002,Available here.
2. PAL，纤维。“基因组测序。”LinkedIn幻灯片，2014年11月4日，Available here.