F质粒和R质粒之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween F plasmid and R plasmid is thatF plasmid is an extrachromosomal DNA that contains genes coding for fertility factor. Meanwhile, R plasmid is an extrachromosomal DNA that contains genes coding for the resistance againstantibiotics.

质粒是细菌中存在的小圆形双链DNA。它们是外肌体DNA，能够自我复制。它们具有自我复制和维护所需的基因。除了包含自我复制所必需的基因外，质粒还包含编码特殊特征的其他几种必要基因，例如抗生素耐药性，大分子降解，重金属耐受性，产生的产生bacteriocins, transfer of genes, etc., which are beneficial to bacteria.

此外，还有各种各样的质粒。R质粒和F质粒是两种类型。F质粒是一种能够的生育质粒conjugation和性生产。R质粒是一种能够对抗生素和某些细菌生长抑制剂的耐药性。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是f质粒
3.What is R Plasmid
4.Similarities Between F Plasmid and R Plasmid
5.并排比较 - f质粒与表格形式的R质粒
6。概括

F质粒是什么?

Some bacterial strains possess F plasmids in addition to their chromosomes. These strains are known as F+ strains. They act as donor cells or males in bacterial conjugation, a sexual reproduction mechanism shown by bacteria which facilitates horizontal gene transferring between bacteria. F plasmids can replicate independently and contain fertility factor coding genes calledtra基因。因此，由于F因子或生育因子，这些外染色体DNA（质粒）被称为F质粒。生育因子编码基因对于转移或结合至关重要。

Bacterial strains which receive F plasmids from F+ strains are known as F- strains or recipient strains or females. F+ strains can donate their genetic material or extrachromosomal DNA to another bacterium.

Bacterial conjugation starts with the production of sex pili by F+ strains to contact with F- bacterium. Sex pilus facilitates the cell to cell communication and contact by forming a conjugation tube. This formation is governed by the fertility factor genes borne by F+ strain. F+ replicates its F plasmid and makes a copy of it to transfer into F- strain. The copied F plasmid transfers to the F- strain via conjugation tube. Once it transfers, conjugation tube dissociates. The recipient strain becomes F+. During bacterial conjugation, only the F plasmid is transferred from F+ strain to F- strain without transferring the bacterial chromosome.

What is R Plasmid?

R质粒或抗性质粒是细菌的染色体外DNA，其中包含抗生素耐药性的基因代码。因此，含有细菌的R质粒表现出对抗生素的抗性。在细菌中证明了质质粒志贺氏菌first by Japanese scientists. R plasmids were known as R factors before the nature of plasmids was understood. Generally, R plasmids contain several antibiotic-resistant genes. In other words, single R factor codes for more than one antibiotic-resistant gene, sometimes up to 8 different antibiotics.

The antibiotic resistance or R plasmids can pass from one bacterium to another and spread through genera and families. It occurs in F plasmids via bacterial conjugation; a means of sexual reproduction seen in bacteria. During bacterial conjugation, R factor-containing F plasmid contact with another bacterium and horizontally transfers R factor between two bacteria through the sex pilus. And, this is the most common way of spread and development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

What are the Similarities Between F Plasmid and R Plasmid?

• F plasmid and R plasmid are two types of plasmids.
• Bacteria are the microorganisms containing these plasmids.
• 许多质粒同时将F因子和R因子携带在一起。
• 它们是外染色体的DNA。
• Both types are closed circular DNA molecules.
• They consist of double-stranded DNA.
• Moreover, they contain genes that provide additional beneficial characteristics to bacteria.
• These plasmids can self replicate.
• Moreover, they can pass from one bacterium to another and involve in horizontal gene transfer.

What is the Difference Between F Plasmid and R Plasmid?

F质粒是含有性结合和性pili形成所需的生育因子的质粒。同时，R质粒是含有抗生素耐药性基因的质粒。因此，这是F质粒和R质粒之间的关键差异。此外，F质粒能够形成性菌毛。另一方面，一般的R质粒无法产生性菌毛。因此，这是F质粒和R质粒之间的另一个区别。

Furthermore, an important difference between F plasmid and R plasmid is the threat they cause. That is; the spread of F plasmid does not pose a real threat unless it contains R factor, while the spread of R plasmid is a real threat since it aids in developing resistance against antibiotics in bacterial populations.

摘要 - F质粒与R质粒

F质粒是一种质粒，它具有生育因子，可以通过结合将遗传物质从一种细菌转移到另一种细菌。此外，f质粒是可以将其DNA整合到另一种细菌的染色体中的插发体。而R质粒是一种质粒，它具有抗药性因子，该抗性因子对抗生素或其他细菌生长抑制剂的抗性。许多质粒既包含F因子和R因子。R质粒的传播比F质粒的扩散是一个真正的威胁，因为细菌对抗生素治疗的抗性具有抗性。因此，这总结了F质粒和R质粒之间的差异。

Reference:

1. “R-Factor.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Sept. 2019,Available here.
2. “Bacterial Plasmids: Definition, Function & Uses.” Study.com, Study.com,Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. “Conjugation” By Adenosine – Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “PBR322” By Ayacop (+ Yikrazuul) – Own work (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia