细菌素和抗生素之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween bacteriocin and antibiotic is thatbacteriocin is a proteinaceous toxin produced by细菌针对密切相关的细菌菌株，而抗生素是一种抗菌物质，A次生代谢物that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria.

Antimicrobialsubstances have the ability to kill pathogenic microorganisms or retard their growth and reproduction. Antimicrobials can be antibacterial, antifungal or antiviral. Antibacterial substances or antibiotics work against bacteria while antifungal substances work against pathogenic fungi. Antiviral drugs kill viruses. Therefore, antibiotics are a type of most effective antibacterial substances that can be used to combat bacterial infections. Bacteriocin is a proteinaceous toxin produced by bacteria. It works against closely related bacterial strains. Thus, both antibiotic and bacteriocin possess antibacterial activity.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是细菌素
3.什么是抗生素
4.细菌素和抗生素之间的相似之处
5。Side by Side Comparison – Bacteriocin vs Antibiotic in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是细菌素？

Bacteriocin is a proteinaceous toxin produced by bacteria to inhibit another closely related bacterium. In fact, they are antibacterial peptides produced by the translation process occurring in ribosomes. Hence, they are ribosomally originated substances. Since bacteriocins can pose antimicrobial activity only against closely related bacterial strains, their antibacterial activity is a narrow spectrum.

Figure 01: Bacteriocin

Furthermore, bacteriocins are high molecular weight peptides. Lactic acid bacteria produce a range of bacteriocins. Moreover, bacteriocin producing bacteria are insusceptible for bactericidal agents, unlike antibiotic-producing bacteria. Bacteriocins can be used as narrow-spectrum antibiotics to treat bacterial diseases.

什么是抗生素？

An antibiotic is an antibacterial substance that either kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria. Therefore, an antibiotic works against bacteria. Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria, while bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit the growth of bacteria. They cannot kill viruses. Antibiotics are popular drugs used today in treating many types of bacterial diseases. Alexander Fleming discovered the first natural antibiotic ‘penicillin’ in 1928 through his experiments. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin G are several penicillin-based antibiotics. Soil bacteria and fungi produce antibiotics naturally. These antibiotics are able to differentiate host cells and bacterial cells. Hence, they specifically act only against bacterial cells.

Figure 02: Antibiotics

不同类型的抗生素之间的作用机理不同。某些抗生素，例如多晶蛋白和多烯等。靶向细菌的细胞膜，并破坏细胞膜或磷脂双层。同样，一些抗生素，例如青霉素，头孢菌素等，靶向细胞壁中的肽聚糖层并抑制细胞壁合成。此外，诸如利福米霉素和喹诺酮类的抗生素抑制DNA合成或RNA合成，并防止细菌的繁殖。其他抗生素组，包括红霉素，氯霉素，四环素，庆大霉素等，通过靶向核糖体抑制蛋白质合成。

细菌素和抗生素之间有什么相似之处？

细菌素和抗生素是抗菌物质。
Bacteria produce bacteriocins and antibiotics.
Since they have antimicrobial activity, they can be used as drugs to treat bacterial diseases.

细菌素和抗生素有什么区别？

细菌素和抗生素是抗菌物质。细菌素是蛋白质抗菌物质，可用于紧密相关的细菌菌株。相反，抗生素是杀死和抑制许多类型细菌生长的抗菌物质。因此，这是细菌素和抗生素之间的关键区别。此外，细菌素是狭窄的抗菌剂，而抗生素是广谱抗菌剂。因此，这也是细菌素和抗生素之间的差异。

The below infographic summarizes the difference between bacteriocin and antibiotic.

概括– Bacteriocin vs Antibiotic

Bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins produced by bacteria against closely related bacterial strains while antibiotics are antibacterial agents that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria. Therefore, both bacteriocins and antibiotics have antibacterial activity. But, bacteriocins have a narrow spectrum antibacterial activity while antibiotics have a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Furthermore, bacteriocins are high molecular weight peptides produced by the translation process, while antibiotics are low molecular weight secondary metabolites. So, this is the summary of the difference between bacteriocin and antibiotic.

Reference:

1. Cleveland，J等。“细菌毒素：安全的天然抗菌剂，以保存食物。”国际食品微生物学杂志，美国国家医学图书馆，2001年12月4日，Available here.
2. “Antibiotics.” MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 18 Apr. 2019,Available here.