之间的区别电子Transport Chain in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Key Difference –电子线粒体与叶绿体中的运输链

Cellular respiration and photosynthesisare two extremely important processes which assist living organisms in thebiosphere。这两个过程都涉及电子梯度的运输。这导致形成质子梯度，通过该梯度将能量用于合成ATP在酶ATP合酶的帮助下。电子传输链（ETC），发生在mitochondriais called ‘氧化磷酸化，，，，’由于该过程利用氧化还原反应的化学能。相反，在chloroplast这个过程称为'光磷酸化’因为它利用了轻能。This is the关键区别between Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in Mitochondria and Chloroplast.

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Electron Transport Chain in Mitochondria
3。What is Electron Transport Chain in Chloroplasts
4。Similarities Between ETC in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
5。并排比较 - 线粒体中的电子传输链与叶绿体形式
6。Summary

What is Electron Transport Chain in Mitochondria?

发生在我的电子传递链nner membrane of the mitochondria is known as oxidative phosphorylation where the electrons are transported across the inner membrane of the mitochondria with the involvement of different complexes. This creates a proton gradient which causes the synthesis of ATP. It is known as oxidative phosphorylation due to the energy source: that is the redox reactions which drives the electron transport chain.

电子传输链由许多不同的蛋白质和有机分子组成，包括不同的复合物，即I，II，III，III，IV和ATP合酶复合物。在电子通过电子传输链的运动过程中，它们从较高的能级转移到较低的能级。在此运动中产生的电子梯度得出泵送H的能量⁺ions从基质到膜间空间穿过内膜。这会产生质子梯度。进入电子传输链的电子是从Fadh2和Nadh。这些是在较早的细胞呼吸阶段合成的，包括glycolysisandTCA cycle。

复合物I，II和IV被认为是质子泵。配合物I和II统称将电子传递到称为的电子载体Ubiquinonewhich transfers the electrons to complex III. During the movement of electrons through complex III, more H⁺ions are delivered across the inner membrane to the intermembrane space. Another mobile electron carrier known as Cytochrome C receives the electrons which are then passed into complex IV. This causes the final transfer of H⁺离子进入膜间空间。电子最终被氧气接受，然后用来形成水。质子动力梯度针对最终复合物，该复合物是合成ATP的ATP合酶。

What is Electron Transport Chain in Chloroplasts?

发生在叶绿体内部的电子传输链通常称为光磷酸化。由于能源是阳光，所以adp到ATP被称为光磷酸化。在此过程中，光能用于创建高能量供体电子，然后以单向模式流向较低的能量电子受体。电子从捐赠者到受体的运动被称为电子传输链。光磷酸化可以是两种途径。cyclic photophosphorylation and noncyclic photophosphorylation。

Cyclic photophosphorylation基本上发生在类囊体membrane where the flow of electrons is initiated from a pigment complex known asphotosystem I。当阳光落在光系统上时；光吸收分子将捕获光，并将其传递到光系统中的特殊叶绿素分子。这导致了激发，并最终导致高能电子的释放。该能量从一个电子受体传递给电子梯度中的下一个电子受体，该电子梯度最终被较低的能量电子受体接受。电子的运动诱导质子动力，涉及H的H⁺ions across the membranes. This is used in the production of ATP. ATP synthase is used as the enzyme during this process. Cyclic photophosphorylation does not produce oxygen or纳德。

Innoncyclic photophosphorylation,两个光系统的参与。初始化ially, a water molecule is lyzed to produce 2H⁺+1/2O₂+ 2e^-。Photosystem II keeps the two electrons. The chlorophyll pigments present in the photosystem absorb light energy in the form of photons and transfer it to a core molecule. Two electrons are boosted from the photosystem which is accepted by the primary electron acceptor. Unlike cyclic pathway, the two electrons will not return to the photosystem. The deficit of electrons in the photosystem will be provided by lysis of another water molecule. The electrons from photosystem II will be transferred to photosystem I where a similar process will take place. The flow of electrons from one acceptor to the next will create an electron gradient which is a proton motive force which is utilized in synthesizing ATP.

线粒体和叶绿体中的ETC之间有什么相似之处？

• ATPsynthase is utilized in ETC by both mitochondria and chloroplast.
• In both, 3 ATP molecules are synthesized by 2 protons.

线粒体和叶绿体中电子传输链有什么区别？

线粒体与叶绿体中的线粒体等
线粒体内膜内发生的电子传输链被称为线粒体中的氧化磷酸化或电子传输链。	发生在叶绿体内部的电子传输链被称为光磷酸化或叶绿体中的电子传输链。
磷酸化的类型
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in ETC of Mitochondria.	Photo-phosphorylation occurs in ETC of chloroplasts.
能量之源
能量之源of ETP in mitochondria is the chemical energy derived from redox reactions..	ETC in chloroplasts utilizes light energy.
Location
线粒体的等等在线粒体的cristae中发生。	叶绿体中的等等发生在叶绿体的类囊体膜中。
共酶
NAD和FAD参与线粒体的等等。	NADP参与叶绿体的等等。
Proton Gradient
质子梯度从膜间空间起作用，直至线粒体的eTC。	质子梯度从类囊体空间到叶绿体等期间叶绿体的基质起作用。
Final Electron Acceptor
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of ETC in mitochondria.	Chlorophyll in cyclic photophosphorylation and NADPH+ in noncyclic photophosphorylation are the final electron acceptors in ETC in chloroplasts.

摘要 - 电子线粒体与叶绿体中的运输链

电子transport chain which occurs in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast is known as photo-phosphorylation since light energy is utilized to drive the process. In the mitochondria, the electron transport chain is known as oxidative phosphorylation where electrons from NADH and FADH2 that are derived fromglycolysis and TCA cycleis converted into ATP through a proton gradient. This is the key difference between ETC in mitochondria and ETC in chloroplasts. Both processes utilize ATP synthase during the synthesis of ATP.

Download the PDF Version of Electron Transport Chain in Mitochondria vs Chloroplasts

You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation note. Please download PDF version here之间的区别ETC in Mitochondria and Chloroplast

Reference:

1.“氧化磷酸化|生物学。”可汗学院。Available here
2。Abdollahi, Hamid, et al. “Role of electron transport chain of chloroplasts in an oxidative burst of interaction between Erwinia amylovora and host cells.” Photosynthesis Research, vol. 124, no. 2, 2015, pp. 231–242., doi:10.1007/s11120-015-0127-8.
3。Alberts, Bruce. “Energy Conversion: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts.” Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1970.Available here

图片提供：

1。’Mitochondrial electron transport chain’By User: Rozzychan（CC BY-SA 2.5）通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2。’Thylakoid membrane 3’By Somepics – Own work（CC BY-SA 4.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚