Difference Between Dynein and Kinesin

Thekey difference在动力蛋白和动力素之间是dynein is acytoskeletonmotor protein that moves towards the minus-end ofmicrotubules虽然驱动蛋白是另一种细胞骨架运动蛋白，该蛋白朝着微管的加端移动。

The cytoskeleton consists of different kinds of filaments. Microtubules are one type among them. They guide the material movement within the cell. They are also important in maintaining the shape of the cell. Apart from that, microtubules are vital in separating chromosomes in有丝分裂和减数分裂。此外，微管是一些真核细胞的纤毛和鞭毛的关键组成部分。在结构上，微管是极性结构。他们有一个加号和负端。通常，负末端向细胞的中心延伸，而正端向细胞表面延伸。在囊泡和细胞器的细胞内运输过程中，两种类型的细胞骨架运动蛋白有助于微管。它们是动力蛋白和动力素。动力蛋白向微管的负端移动，同时将材料携带到细胞的中心。相比之下，运动素朝着载物材料的细胞表面传播到细胞的周围。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Dynein
3.What is Kinesin
4.动力蛋白,驱动蛋白之间的相似之处
5.Side by Side Comparison – Dynein vs Kinesin in Tabular Form
6。概括

What is Dynein?

Dynein is a motor protein present in the cytoskeleton of the cells. They are capable of moving along microtubules and aiding the intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles. Dynein travels towards the minus end of the microtubules. While traveling, they carry materials towards the center of the cell since the minus end is towards the center of the cell.

Figure 01: Dynein

In simple words, dyneins are the cytoskeleton motor proteins that transport cargo (organelles and vesicles) from the periphery of the cell towards the center (retrograde transport). Not only that, dynein is a key component of cilia and flagella that is important in sliding microtubules relative to one another. Hence, they are important in the beating of the cilia and flagella located on the surface of some eukaryotic cells.

What is Kinesin?

Kinesin is another type of cytoskeleton motor protein that is capable of moving along the microtubules filaments. Moreover, kinesins are ATPases. Their movements are energy consuming. Most kinesins travel towards the plus end of the microtubules that are present towards the periphery of the cell (towards the cell surface). While traveling, kinesins carry cargo (organelles and vesicles) from the center of the cell to the periphery of the cell (anterograde transport).

图02：动力素

Mutations of kinesin proteins can lead to nervous system disorders. One such common disease is peripheral neuropathy.

What are the Similarities Between Dynein and Kinesin?

Dynein and kinesin are two motor proteins.
They are important molecules of the cytoskeleton.
Both dynein and kinesin move along the microtubules.
Moreover, they aid in material transport within the cell.
同样，两种蛋白质在细胞分裂中都很重要。
Structurally, both these proteins are ATP hydrolases.

What is the Difference Between Dynein and Kinesin?

动力蛋白和驱动蛋白之间的关键区别是它们沿微管运动的方向。动力蛋白向微管的负端移动，而驱动蛋白向微管的正端移动。此外，动力蛋白将货物从外围运输到细胞的中心，而动力素将货物从中心运输到细胞的外围。因此，这是动力蛋白和驱动蛋白之间的重要功能差异。在结构上，动力蛋白蛋白由一到三个重链复合物组成，以中间，轻中间和轻链。另一方面，运动蛋白蛋白由两个重链和两个轻链组成。因此，这是动力蛋白和动力蛋白之间的另一个区别。

概括– Dynein vs Kinesin

Dynein and kinesin are two important motor proteins present in the cytoskeleton. They move along the microtubules and facilitate the intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles. The key difference between dynein and kinesin is the direction of the movement. Dynein moves towards the minus end of the microtubule while kinesin moves towards the plus end of the microtubule. Furthermore, dynein transports cargo to the center of the cell while kinesin transports cargo to the periphery of the cell. Both these proteins are ATP hydrolases. Moreover, both these proteins are important for cell division. Other than that, dyneins are important in the beating of cilia and flagella of some eukaryotic cells. Thus, this summarizes the difference between dynein and kinesin.

Reference:

1. Berg, Jeremy M. “Kinesin and Dynein Move Along Microtubules.” Biochemistry. 5th Edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1970,Available here。
2. Endow, Sharyn A., et al. “Kinesins at a Glance.” Journal of Cell Science, The Company of Biologists Ltd, 15 Oct. 2010,Available here。